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年度	112	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	調查
申請機構	國立清華大學	申請系所	分析與環境科學研究所
專案主持人	周秀專	職等/職稱	教授兼所長
專案中文名稱	建置清淨水質監測與預警平台： 河川底泥生物毒性在環境污染鑑識的應用
中文關鍵字	河川底泥、新興汙染物、人類細胞株、生物毒性、先進鑑識
專案英文名稱	Establish a platform for clean water quality monitoring and early warning: Utilizing river sediment's biological toxicity for identifying environmental pollution
英文關鍵字	River sediment, Emerging pollutants, Human cell lines, Biological toxicity, Advanced identification
執行金額	1,064,000元
執行期間	2024/1/1 至 2024/12/31
計畫中文摘要	因為底泥能夠累積水體中的污染物，尤其是重金屬和有機污染物。這些污染物 一旦沉積於底泥中，會長期保存，並且反映出過去一段時間內河川的污染狀況。這使 得底泥成為環境污染趨勢的良好指標，能夠揭示水質變化和污染源的影響。此外，底 泥中的污染物在特定條件下可能重新釋放回水體，對水生生態系統及人類健康造成 長期威脅，因此定期監測底泥對於環境治理和水質預警至關重要。本計畫透過人類細 胞平台來辨識新竹主要供水源頭前溪的環境污染狀況: 枯水期選取七處採樣點，豐水 期則選取八處採樣點，進行重金屬、有機化合物與生物毒性分。樣品包括不同汙水來 源的表層樣品，同一河段的表層和深層樣品，以及頭前溪支流鹿寮坑溪的上、中、下 游的表層樣品。研究結果顯示： 1. 無論是枯水期或豐水期，除竹東中興河道表層樣本外，頭前溪各河段採樣點的所 有樣品的鎳含量均超過國內底泥標準的下限值，因此有必要提高檢測頻率。 2. 根據美國環境保護署（US EPA）標準，枯水期的銅、鎳、鋅和鉻已達重度污染等 級；豐水期則是鎳、鋅和鉛達到重度污染標準。 3. 整體而言，底泥中的重金屬、有機物及間隙水的重金屬汙染在豐水期都比枯水期 更為嚴重。同時，重金屬在枯水期時傾向沉積於深層底泥當中，在豐水期則容易 脫附並釋出至表層。 4. 枯水期生物毒性分析顯示:表層重金屬污染與腎毒性順序為工業廢水>家庭汙水> 取水口；深層樣本的重金屬含量與細胞死亡率>表層樣本；鹿寮坑溪的汙染程度和 細胞受損程度順序為下游>中游≒上游。 5. 在細胞暴露於汙染較嚴重的底泥萃取物後，抗氧化路徑蛋白 (Nrf2, HO-1 和 GPX4)和腎損傷蛋白 (KIM-1) 表現量上升，血糖運輸蛋白 (SGLT2 和GLUT2) 的 表現量也有上升。 6. 生物毒性實驗結果與重金屬含量高度相關，污染因子（CFi）和污染負荷指數（PLI） 不僅能輔助現有的河川污染指標（RPI）反映水質污染現況，還更能評估環境污染 物對人體的危害程度。
計畫英文摘要	Sediments play a key role in accumulating pollutants from water bodies, particularly heavy metals and organic compounds. Once these pollutants settle in the sediment, they can persist for long periods, providing a historical record of the river's pollution levels. This makes sediments valuable indicators of environmental pollution trends, offering insights into changes in water quality and the influence of pollution sources. Furthermore, under certain conditions, these pollutants can be released back into the water, posing long-term risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, regular sediment monitoring is essential for effective environmental management and early water quality warnings. This project uses a human cell platform to assess the environmental pollution status of the Touqian River, the main water supply source for Hsinchu. Seven sampling points were selected during the dry season and eight during the wet season, focusing on heavy metals, organic compounds, and biological toxicity. Samples included top samples from different sewage sources, top and deep samples from the same river section, and top samples from the upper, middle, and lower reaches of Luliaokeng Creek, a tributary of the Touqian River. Key findings include: In both dry and wet seasons, except for surface samples from the Zhudong Zhongxing River, the nickel content of all samples from Touqian River's sampling points exceeded the lower limit of domestic sediment standards, necessitating increased testing frequency. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standards, copper, nickel, zinc, and chromium levels during the dry season have reached severe pollution thresholds, while nickel, zinc, and lead levels have done the same during the wet season. Overall, pollution by heavy metals in sediments, organic matter, and interstitial water is more severe in the wet season than in the dry season. Heavy metals tend to accumulate in deep sediments during dry periods and are more easily desorbed and released to the surface during wet periods. Biological toxicity analysis from the dry season shows that surface heavy metal pollution and nephrotoxicity follow the order: industrial wastewater > domestic sewage > water intake. Additionally, deep samples exhibit higher heavy metal content and cell death rates than top samples. The pollution and cell damage in Luliaokeng Creek follow the pattern: downstream > midstream ≒ upstream. After exposure to extracts from severely polluted sediments, there was an increase in the expression of antioxidant pathway proteins (Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4) and kidney injury markers (KIM-1), as well as increased expression and activity of glucose transport proteins (SGLT2 and GLUT2). The results of biological toxicity tests are strongly correlated with heavy metal content. The pollution factor (CFi) and pollution load index (PLI) not only supplement the existing river pollution index (RPI) in assessing water quality pollution but also better gauge the environmental pollutants' impact on health and ecosystems.