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年度	112	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立中興大學	申請系所	環境工程學系
專案主持人	梁振儒	職等/職稱	特聘教授
專案中文名稱	有機物污染場址現址P&T廢水與SVE廢氣活性碳吸附及再生自動化設備開發及模場應用
中文關鍵字	抽取處理法,土壤蒸氣萃取法,有機污染物,活性碳,再生
專案英文名稱	Development and application of automatic activated carbon adsorption and regeneration equipment for treating P&T wastewater and SVE exhaust gas generated at the organic contaminated site
英文關鍵字	Pump and Treat, Soil vapor extraction, Organic contaminant, Activated carbon, Regeneration
執行金額	2,380,000元
執行期間	2023/9/1 至 2024/8/31
計畫中文摘要	根據土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理會統計，國內遭受碳氫化合物污染之場址數量高達70%，其中又以含氯脂肪族碳氫化合物(Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocar-bons, CAHs)較為多數占32%，可見整治有機物污染之場址於國內之重要性。面對有機物污染之土壤及地下水，至今整治工程上使用抽取處理法(Pump and treat, P&T)及土壤蒸氣萃取法(Soil vapor extraction, SVE)仍為較常見之方式。P&T是一項針對飽和層地下水中溶解性污染物的整治方法，可藉由主動抽取地下水達移除污染物之目的。SVE係針對土壤通氣層中揮發性有機物進行整治之方法，利用真空抽氣產生負壓予以抽除污染物。兩種整治技術皆須於地表上建置廢液或廢氣處理設備，其中例如考量SVE抽取之氣相污染物濃度變化幅度甚大，使得許多污染氣體處理設備無法於現址搭配單組SVE系統於有機物污染場址上使用，因此活性碳(Activated carbon, AC)成為目前較廣泛採用之SVE尾氣處理方式。然而，對於AC吸附飽和後之處置，例如AC更換、經費考量及後續AC再生或AC廢棄物所衍生環境污染等仍舊是目前需克服之議題。因此本研究計畫基於過去之研究基礎，開發實場規模之「活性碳吸附」及「過硫酸鹽再生活性碳」系統結合之實場應用裝置，並利用活化過硫酸鹽再生AC系統應用於再生吸附飽和之AC，且產生之廢水僅殘留過硫酸鈉降解產物硫酸根離子及鈉離子，即可逕行排放。基於第一年研究所建置之設備，本計畫於第二年在受有機物污染之土地及地下水之整治場址，利用場址既有設備搭配AC吸附及再生自動化設備進行長時間SVE尾氣及P&T廢液處理應用之測試。其研究目標包括(1)針對場址內既有之SVE處理設備搭配AC吸附及再生自動化設備進行廢氣處理測試、(2)針對場址內既有之P&T處理設備搭配AC吸附及再生自動化設備進行廢水處理測試、(3)針對AC吸附及再生自動化設備於 SVE尾氣處理及P&T廢液處理之測試結果，進行設備之現場操作狀況及運作經費評估。 第二年計畫研究結果顯示，吸附及再生自動化設備之氣體TVOC偵測器與液體TOC偵測器，藉由氣相與液相之特定有機物分析測試建立可靠之相關性。於設備現場之運作測試中，雖遭遇現場整治設備(如設備維修、操作調整)或現場運作條件(如天氣及連線訊號)問題，以至於需間斷操作吸附及再生自動化設備進行因應。然而，在研究團隊於上述調整過程之測試中，仍成功記錄設備執行參數並且可順利自動運行吸附與再生程序。不論廢氣或廢液處理測試，其再生過程皆可明顯發現氧化還原電位隨再生程序進行亦逐漸下降，且水質TOC下降至接近背景水樣數值，達到再生完成。另於成本與碳排放之評估，本計畫所開發之設備於運作期間總成本約1603千元(固定成本1600千元；變動成本3千元)，設備運作一次吸附及再生全自動化程序之碳排放為2521.898 kg CO2e。此設備除單位活性碳再生之碳排放低於使用全新活性碳或再生處理廠之活性碳外，其於未有衍生運輸行為及人員裝卸活性碳之作業活動下，可確實達到有效降低碳足跡與溫室氣體排放之環境效益，具應用於實地污染場址之潛力。 關鍵字：抽取處理法、土壤蒸氣萃取法、有機污染物、活性碳、再生
計畫英文摘要	According to statistics from the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund, 70% of contaminated sites in Taiwan are polluted by organic contaminants, with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) accounting for 32%. This highlights the importance of remediating CAH-contaminated sites. Pump and Treat (P&T) and Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) are widely used technologies for soil and groundwater remediation. P&T is a method for treating contaminated groundwater by actively ex-tracting it. SVE is a method for remediating volatile organic compounds in the vadose zone of soil, utilizing vacuum pumping to create negative pressure, induce a pressure gradient in the unsaturated subsurface, and subsequently remove volatile contami-nants. Due to the significant variation in the concentration of exhaust gas extracted by SVE, most available air pollution treatment equipment cannot be effectively used in conjunction with a single SVE system at remediation sites. As a result, activated carbon (AC) adsorption has become the most commonly used process for treating SVE exhaust gas, due to its high adsorption efficiency and convenience. AC adsorp-tion is commonly employed for emergency response treatment of pollutants present in vapor, solution, or groundwater. However, challenges such as the replacement of spent AC, AC regeneration, and the disposal of AC waste remain issues that need to be addressed. Based on principal investigator’s (PI) earlier studies, a laboratory-scale experimental device was successfully developed, which combines an "AC adsorp-tion" system with a "persulfate regeneration AC" system. It was confirmed that the persulfate oxidation process can be effectively applied to regenerate spent AC. Upon completion of AC regeneration, the waste produced from the device primarily con-sists of sulfate and sodium ions, which can be directly discharged without further treatment. Based on the equipment established during the first year of the project, this study conducted long-term tests in the second year at a site contaminated by or-ganic compounds, utilizing the existing site equipment in combination with AC ad-sorption and automated regeneration equipment to treat SVE exhaust gas and P&T wastewater. The research objectives included (1) testing the treatment of exhaust gases using existing SVE treatment equipment combined with AC adsorption and re-generation automation equipment at the site, (2) testing the treatment of wastewater using existing P&T treatment equipment combined with AC adsorption and regenera-tion automation equipment at the site, and (3) evaluating the on-site operation status and operational costs of the equipment based on the test results of AC adsorption and regeneration automation equipment. The second-year results demonstrated that the TVOC detector (for gas phase) and TOC detector (for liquid phase) within the adsorption and regeneration system established a reliable correlation by analyzing contaminants in both phases. Despite challenges encountered during field operation tests—such as equipment maintenance, weather conditions, and intermittent remote connection signals—the research team successfully observed the equipment automatically executing the adsorption and re-generation processes. Both the exhaust gas and wastewater treatment tests showed a significant decrease in oxidation-reduction potential as regeneration progressed, eventually reaching levels comparable to background water samples, signaling suc-cessful regeneration. Regarding cost and carbon emissions, the total operational cost was approximately TWD 1,603,000, consisting of TWD 1,600,000 in fixed costs and TWD 3,000 in variable costs, with carbon emissions calculated at 2,521.898 kg CO2e. The equipment developed in this study exhibited a lower carbon footprint for unit AC regeneration compared to using new AC or regenerated AC from external facili-ties. Furthermore, by eliminating the need for additional transportation and manual handling, the system significantly reduced its carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. This showcases its strong environmental benefits and potential for practi-cal application at contaminated sites. Keywords: Pump and Treat, Soil vapor extraction, Organic contaminant, Activated carbon, Regeneration