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年度	111	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立宜蘭大學	申請系所	環境工程學系
專案主持人	張章堂	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	利用磁性生物碳球進行農地含砷地下水實場功能測試之研究
中文關鍵字	磁性生物碳、鐵錳改性、三價砷、模廠性能測試
專案英文名稱	Study on the performance test of groundwater model field containing arsenic in agricultural land using magnetic biological carbon ball
英文關鍵字	Magnetic biochar, Modification, Trivalent arsenic, Pilot scale performance assessment
執行金額	1,600,000元
執行期間	2022/3/1 至 2023/2/28
計畫中文摘要	砷是一種類金屬元素，在自然界中廣泛分佈且對人類身體健康存在威脅。生物炭具有來源廣泛、吸附性能優良等特點。為有效降低重金屬對環境危害，乃利用磁性生物炭複合材料進行地下水中重金屬脫附與回收，以達到資源再利用目的，為驗證本技術實場應用之可行性，擬與富立業公司合作，並以嘉義縣某農地進行實場研究，進行農地地下水中含砷重金屬之處理與回收。本研究曾以木屑為生物質，利用FeCl3·6H2O和KMnO4對其改性，通過高溫裂解的方法製備出原始生物炭以及具有磁性的鐵改性生物炭及鐵錳改性生物炭。改性後的生物炭材料對溶液中三價砷的去除效果相較於原始生物炭均有明顯的提高。經由XRD、BET、EA、ETC及VSM特性分析得知，鐵改性生物炭含有Fe元素，鐵錳改性生物炭含有Fe、Mn元素；改性生物炭均具有磁性，且KMnO4的加入使其磁性增強。通過對吸附時間、投加量、初始pH及初始濃度等吸附性能探究發現，最佳鐵碳品質比為1:1，最佳鐵錳摩爾比為1:2； Fe1C1及Fe1Mn2C1的最佳投加量均為1 g L-1；原始生物炭、 Fe1C1吸附三價砷的最佳pH條件為強鹼性，而Fe1Mn2C1為強酸性。第一年研究成果對實場(農地)地下水中含砷重金屬之處理，其所開發磁性生物炭應用之限制條件為pH值介於6.5至7.5之間、溫度介於25至35 oC之間、劑量介於1000至3000 gL-1之間、Fe濃度在8 mg L-1以內，經實場使用原水(地下水的含砷濃度為0.56 mg L-1)進行砷吸附實驗之去除效率可達77-81%之間，即處理後可達飲用水水源水質保護區之外之砷濃度管制標準(0.5 mg L-1)。第二年研究成果對實場(農地)地下水中含砷重金屬之處理方式採串聯三道，處理效率可達96%，處理後濃度僅為0.02 mg L-1，即處理後可達飲用水水源水質保護區之內之砷濃度管制標準(0.05 mg L-1)，處理後砷濃度已經頗低可打回地下水層。針對所研製生物炭進行經濟效益分析，以300公斤廢木屑所研製生物炭(Pristine biochar, PB)售價約為666元，以廢棄甘蔗渣所研製生物炭(Sugarcane bagasse biochar, SBB)售價約為576元，以廢棄稻稈所研製生物炭(Rice straw biochar, RSB)售價約為594元。本計畫已針對磁性生物炭吸附重金屬(砷)之機制、吸附設備操作模式最佳化及完成重金屬 (砷) 吸附作用後之飽和磁性生物炭後續處置(廢料處理、二次污染預防或再生、再利用)。已完成砷吸附後的磁性生物炭吸附材料回收以及砷產物回收再製備成抗菌劑產品，包括脫附後的廢溶液預處理、含砷溶液濃縮、萃取與製備成抗菌劑等等的步驟，並已完成抗菌劑對抑菌的效果評估，且抗菌成效良好。 關鍵字：磁性生物炭、鐵錳改性、三價砷、模廠性能測試
計畫英文摘要	Arsenic is a kind of metal elements, widely distributed in nature. Many technologies, including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation and extraction, have been developed to treat arsenic-containing wastewater due to a series of drinking water safety problems caused by arsenic pollution. Biochar has some advantages of big surface area, low cost. An attempt was made to use the acid extraction process to desorb and recover the heavy metals adsorbed on the magnetic bio-carbon ball composite material to effectively reduce the environmental hazards of heavy metals. It is planned to assess the As removal performance from underground water in field study by cooperating with Fuliye Company to verify the feasibility of the field application of this technology in the farm. In our previous study, wood, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw were used as biomass and FeCl3·6H2O and KMnO4 were also used to promote the performance of arsenic removal. The results of XRD, BET, EA, ETC and VSM analysis show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe, Mn with KMnO4. The modified biochar, Fe1Mn2C1, has higher magnetism of 40 emu g-1. Through adsorption performance assessment, the best ratio of Fe/C is 1:1 and the adsorption efficiency and capacity of Fe1C1 is 61.6% and 0.681 mg g-1, respectively. Then, the best ratio of Fe, Mn and C is 1:2:1 with highest adsorption efficiency of 80.8% and capacity of 0.724 mg g-1. The best dosage of Fe1C1 and Fe1Mn2C1 is the same as 1 g L-1. It shows better adsorption capacity under higher pH with PB and Fe1C1while under lower pH with Fe1Mn2C1. It is feasible to remove the As from underground water in field study due to the high performance of prepared magnetic bio-carbon ball composite material in laboratory. It also looks forward to use this technique to control the As in farm with assessing the performance of As removal in pilot scale plant. The price of wood pristine biochar is about 666 NT, sugarcane bagasse biochar is about 576 NT, and the price of rice straw biochar is priced at about 594 NT. In addition, the mechanism of adsorption of arsenic by magnetic biochar spheres, the optimization of the operation mode of adsorption equipment, and the subsequent disposal of saturated magnetic biochar spheres after the completion of arsenic adsorption were also finished. In this project, the main focus of this project is on the recovery of arsenic-adsorbed magnetic bio-carbon spheres and the recovery of arsenic products, and then to make the antibacterial products. It includes the steps of pretreatment of As solution after desorption, the concentration of the arsenic solution, extraction and preparation of antibacterial agent, etc. In addition, the effect of an antibacterial agent on bacteriostasis was also tested and developed well for good performance products. Keywords: magnetic biochar, iron-manganese modification, trivalent arsenic, pilot performance test