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年度	111	專案性質	非實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立交通大學	申請系所	環境科技及智慧系統研究中心
專案主持人	周珊珊	職等/職稱	執行長
專案中文名稱	應用可再生型吸附顆粒(RAP)搭配多介質水力沖洗循環系統(HFS)去除受LNAPL污染之土壤及地下水
中文關鍵字	可再生型吸附顆粒,多介質水力沖洗循環系統,土壤,地下水
專案英文名稱	Combination of regenerative adsorption particles (RAP) and hydraulic circulation flushing soil remediation system (HFS) for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater
英文關鍵字	RAP,HFS,LNAPL
執行金額	2,599,962元
執行期間	2022/3/1 至 2023/2/28
計畫中文摘要	輸油管線和加油站與油槽的洩漏是常見的油品污染土壤與地下水污染源。本計畫係採用兩種不同領域的高端處理技術，來處理輕質非水相溶液非水相液體(light non-aqueous phase liquid, LNAPL)污染物，兩種技術分別為可再生型吸附顆粒(Regenerative Adsorption Particles，簡稱RAP)與多介質水力沖洗循環系統(Hydraulic circulation Flushing Soil remediation System，簡稱HFS)。其中RAP係以活性碳為基底，覆蓋貴金屬成分，具有極佳的吸附與氧化還原特性，且可再生循環使用，可處理水中有機物和VOC；HFS系統設計構想係依據油類污染物特性，於現地藉由系統循環抽除、淋洗並結合霧化及曝氣原理，以同時去除土壤及地下水中氣相、浮油相及溶解相之污染物。結合RAP及HFS技術於現地設置處理時，應可對於現地高濃度之LNAPL污染物將有明顯之移除效果，而使整治效率有效提升。 第一年度模場試驗，本計畫模場設置區為台灣中油股份有限公司石化事業部林園石化廠「100油槽區」儲槽LY-109南側，本場址之土壤污染物與地下水污染物均為苯、甲苯及總石油碳氫化合物(TPH)。計畫初期在模場區先進行土壤及地下水調查以確認背景濃度，土壤背景調查引用「中油林園廠」107年之檢測結果-3採樣點TPH皆超過土壤污染管制標準(1,000 mg/kg)。 在完成模場HFS整治井及相關地表上設備設置後，於110年08月12日正式試運轉，運用兩種試驗方式(試驗一)RAP放置於 HFS系統之地表上，RAP於地表上主要用於吸附 HFS系統運轉期間產生之揮發性氣體；(試驗二)放置於循環水處理槽系統之 RAP，主要是移除地下水中之污染物。第一年模場試驗成效，運用定期進行 HFS尾氣、地下水及土壤監測作業，初步結果得知地下水TPH濃度有整體下降趨勢，由土壤監測結果顯示循環系統已將地層中之污染聚集至 HFS系統周圍；另外，尾氣處理效果良好，至今操作約一年半並未發現RAP有吸附飽和現象，這與我們在實驗室測試甲苯有類似的現象-即在常溫下經由 RAP和空氣氧化對 VOCs有相當的降解效果。 第二年度模場試驗已於111年07月於系統影響半徑範圍內增設2口整治井，先於整治井中短時間施作水層增溫處理系統(Groundwater Increase Temperature System，簡稱GIT)，藉由增加地層溫度以提高污染物在水中之溶解度、降低土壤之黏滯性以利於污染物的揮發，進而將污染物激發後去除，GIT+RAP分別於8月和11月各施作一次。由HFS系統周圍監測井的定期地下水採樣數據可知，其TPH雖仍超過管制標準，但整體總濃度呈下降趨勢，但GIT增溫期間地下水濃度有上升趨勢，顯示本區域依然有殘留的污染在地層中；土壤的TPH雖仍高於土壤管制標準，但可觀察出HFS系統可將地層中之污染物聚集至系統周圍，並將其整治移除。另本年度搭配GIT系統增設的兩口整治井地下水污染物濃度則皆有上升趨勢，顯示受到HFS系統及增溫效應將區域內殘留地層的污染釋出，建議後續須持續進行污染整治作業。 此外，針對GIT施作後兩口整治井的RAP與尾氣RAP，分別採樣回實驗室測試，驗證RAP以曝空氣再生24 hr與臭氧再生4 hr之效果相當，表示以空氣再生RAP具可行性；此結果間接驗證具有曝氣功能的HFS系統因溶氧較高(約4~7 mg/L，一般整治井溶氧只有0~2 mg/L)，故可大幅提昇RAP可持續氧化水中有機物和再生之功能。 綜合而言，本計畫的第二年度模場實驗，結合HFS、RAP及GIT系統進行整治，已確認搭配GIT增溫處理系統可以增加污染移除成效，有效加速移除影響半徑範內之地層污染物，且RAP可分別針對HFS運轉所產生的揮發性氣體及循環水中之污染物，進行同步吸附/氧化與現地曝氣再生，可大幅減少傳統整治採用活性碳造成的大量廢棄物問題，驗證這三種處理技術的整合，可以大大強化整體整治的效果及縮短整治期程，且達到綠色整治之效益。
計畫英文摘要	Petroleum hydrocarbons leaks from oil pipes, storage tanks of gas station and oil farm can contaminate soil and groundwater. The main R&D concept of this project integrates two key technologies- regenerative adsorption particles (RAP) and hydraulic circulation flushing soil remediation system (HFS) for on-site light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) remediation. RAP is the activated carbon-based material, and doping with noble metal oxide thin-film. RAP has excellent adsorption-regeneration and redox, so it can be applied in treating VOCs and the organic pollutants in wastewater and groundwater. According to the charactistics of LNAPL pollutants, HFS combining pumping and recirculating, flushing, and air injection with mist atomization will be conducted. Therefore, HFS can remove the pollutants in gas phase, oil phase, and aqueous phase remained in soil and groundwater. Combining HFS and RAP, it should have the significant removal performance and improve the remediation efficiency. In the first year, the pilot test study was conducted in Lin Yuan petrochemical plant of CPC Corporation. The major pollutants of benzene, toluene, and TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) dissolved into soil and groundwater and migrated from a LNAPL source in a sandy aquifer under this site. In this study, the site background information about soil and groundwater contamination was investigated first. The background soil pollution applies the data sampled from CPC in 2018, which TPH concentration of 3 sampling points are all beyond the soil pollution control standard (1,000 mg/kg). After installing the HFS pilot system and related facilities on the ground, the HFS system has been normally operated on site since Aug 12, 2021. Two pilot tests were conducted on-site. For Test I, RAP bed was installed on the ground to treat the VOC of vent produced from HFS, since HFS has the good hydraulic circulation and flushing. For Test II, RAP bed was installed in the recirculated water treatment system of HFS to treat groundwater. Furthermore, to evaluate the remediation performance of this pilot HFS and RAP system, the sampling and analysis of vent, groundwater and soil were conducted after this pilot system is commissioned. The preliminary results show that the TPH concentration in the groundwater was decreasing. From the monitoring results of soil, it is shown that the recirculating flow has moved the pollution in the soil to the nearby area of HFS system. On the other hand, the outlet vent after RAP bed shows good performance and saturated adsorption has not been found up to now (about one and half years of operation). This may be similar to our experimental results of toluene degradation in the lab, that is, it shows the fairly desirable VOC removal only by RAP and air oxidation at room temperature. In the second year of the pilot study in July 2022, two additional remediation wells were installed within the influence radius of HFS. GIT (Groundwater Increase Temperature System) was applied inside the remediation wells for a short period. By increasing the underground temperature to enhance the solubility of pollutants and lower the soil viscosity, the volatility of pollutants is improved. GIT+RAP was applied two cycles in August and November 2022, separately. Based on remediation wells’ regular monitoring data, total TPH concentration is decreasing but it is still beyond pollution control standard. When GIT was applied to increase underground temperature, the pollutant concentrating is in rising trend, that shows there is residual pollutant in the ground. Although TPH concentration in ground is beyond pollution control standard, we can conclude that HFS system is effective in removing the pollutants. Two additional installed remediation wells for GIT system this year shows rising trend of underground water pollutants, that means HFS and temperature effect will release residual pollutants in the ground. Therefore, it is highly recommended to continue following pollutant remediation. We also take the RAP samples from the remediation wells and vent treatment tank after GIT+RAP applied cycle. The result in the laboratory with 24 h- air aeration regeneration is equivalent to that of 4 h- ozone regeneration, that means RAP regeneration with aeration is feasible. We found HFS with aeration can get higher dissolved oxygen (normally it is 0-2 mg/L, here we can get 4-7 mg/L) that leads RAP to continuously oxidizing organics and regeneration dramatically. In summary, for the 2nd year pilot tests of this project, we combined HFS, RAP, and GIT systems to remediate the pollutants. It is confirmed that GIT with temperature increasing system can enhance pollutant removal efficiency. It accelerates pollutant removal rate in influence radius. RAP can target the VOC generated by HFS and pollutants in recirculation water, conduct adsorption/oxidation and regeneration on-site simultaneously. Compared to traditional activated carbon method, waste is dramatically reduced. We verify that integration of these 3 techonolies can maximize remediation effect and shorten remediation time, that benefits from green remediation.