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年度	108	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	整治
申請機構	元智大學	申請系所	生物科技與工程研究所
專案主持人	簡志青	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	開發加強式現地生物整治技術處理鉻污染地下水
中文關鍵字	鉻污染、生物整治、環境微生物、宏基因組學
專案英文名稱	Development of enhanced in situ bioremediation strategy for chromium contaminated groundwater
英文關鍵字	Chromium contamination, bioremediation, environmental microbiology, metagenomics
執行金額	750,000元
執行期間	2019/1/1 至 2019/11/30
計畫中文摘要	重金屬的污染是造成環境浩劫的重要主因之一，在綠色科技被已開發國家視為極重要之研究課題的今天，對於重金屬造成的環境污染的問題當然也日益受到重視。由於工商業的迅速發展與廢水不當排放或有害廢棄物不當棄置，土壤與地下水的污染也伴隨而來。近年來台灣較受到關注的重金屬包括鎘(Cd)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、汞(Hg)、鋅(Zn)、鎳(Ni)、鉛(Pb)及砷(As)等並列入台灣「土壤及地下水污染整治法」之規範。鉻存在於環境中以六價鉻之毒性最高，而六價鉻則多以具高溶解性、高毒性且具致癌性之鉻酸鹽形態存在，因此受六價鉻污染的環境與地下水必須立即加以整治，以避免造成環境生態的衝擊進而危害到人體之健康。傳統的整治技術以物理及化學方法為主。相較於物理與化學整治方法，生物整治法具有操作容易、高經濟效益以及環境友善等易受社會大眾接受的優點。因此， 開發使用或結合生物整治的復育技術為經濟可行之方案，在應用上亦最具發展潛力。 本計畫之研究目的為開發可應用於鉻污染之生物整治的微生物族群與建置適合於用於整治微生物之生存環境。執行成果包含本土污染環境之鉻耐受菌之篩選與分離純化培養以及將其應用於地下水六價鉻還原成較無毒性三價鉻。同時也評估生物刺激法(例如添加還原鉻酸鹽之營養源)與生物強化法 (本土鉻還原菌與產氫菌的培養與固定化)之可行性。評估結果顯示本實驗室由鉻污染土壤分離之本土菌株(Ochrobactrum strain 71)具有極強之六價鉻還原能力。由次世代定序分析鉻污染地下水顯示仍具有極豐富之微生物多樣性，但鉻還原菌之族群數量以及環境不足以提供六價鉻之還原。添加營養源或電子供應者(如NADH)可提供微生物還原六價鉻之環境。細胞固定化與生物刺激法的成果在未來將可提供協助規劃鉻污染地下水之生物整治策略。
計畫英文摘要	Heavy metal contamination is one of the main concerns of environmental hazards, and become an important issue in sustainable green technology. Soil and groundwater pollutions is accompanied by the rapid development of commerce and industry and also from improper disposal of waste water and hazardous materials. Metals include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc and copper are major concerns in Taiwan in recent years and is under the regulation of the “Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act”. In the environment, hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is existed in the form of chromate and is highly soluble, toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, groundwater and environment when contaminated by hexavalent chromium, actions need to apply immediately to avoid the adverse impact of environmental ecology and human health. Traditionally, physical and chemical process are widely applied for remediation for heavy metal contamination. Compared to physical and chemical process, bioremediation is an environmentally friendly, easy to operate and very economic and so is more acceptable to general public. The aim of this study is to develop a microbial consortium and a suitable environment that can be applied to the bioremediation of chromium pollution. The results of this project include: (1) Collection and characterization of chromium contaminated groundwater; (2) Isolation and characterization of indigenous chromium reducing bacteria for application of bioremediation of hexavalent chromate contaminated environment; (3) Cultivation of acidophilic bacteria (Acidithiobacillus sp.); (4) Extraction of total microbial DNA and analysis of microbial community of contaminated groundwater; (5) Evaluation of chromate reduction ability by resting cells; (6) Immobolization of cells in silica gel for bioremediation purpose and (7) Evaluation of chromate reduction using chromium contaminated groundwater by immobilized cells. The outcome of this project will be able to provide the microbial diversity of chromate contaminated environment and advise the strategy for bioremediation.