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年度	108	專案性質	非實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	自訂
申請機構	臺北醫學大學	申請系所	公共衛生學系
專案主持人	簡伶朱	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	本土性暴露參數建置研究計畫：成人淋浴時呼吸速率之建置
中文關鍵字	本土性暴露參數,成人淋浴時呼吸速率,健康風險評估
專案英文名稱	Special report on local exposure factors for adult inhalation rate
英文關鍵字	local exposure factors, inhalation rates,health risk assessment
執行金額	700,000元
執行期間	2019/1/1 至 2019/12/31
計畫中文摘要	從風險評估的角度來看，暴露途徑如食入、吸入或皮膚接觸等參數多參考美國的數據，其中，呼吸速率指的是呼吸期間的吸氣率和呼氣率，正常成人在休息期間每分鐘呼吸12-20次。呼吸速率會因年齡、性別而有很大的差異，特別與肺結構，功能和呼吸模式有關。然而，在評估暴露於空氣污染物時，有地域、生活習慣、文化背景、人種及人體生理之差異，並不適合直接引用國外數據進行評估，因此建立本土化暴露參數及呼吸速率有其必要性。 本研究以配戴可攜式氣體交換分析儀收集呼吸速率，呼吸模式以及休息和淋浴時的基礎能量代謝率。參與者首先以坐姿使用肺功能機來評估用力肺活量和第1秒用力呼氣容量，然後將指導受試者在休息和淋浴期間測量呼吸通氣、呼吸模式和基礎能量代謝率，接著根據與淋浴時間段的能量消耗相關的耗氧量來估算呼吸速率。這也是首次比較不同國家和/或不同文化的呼吸速率數據的研究，特別是當評估台灣民眾因使用地下水時其暴露於空氣污染物和潛在的健康風險時，安靜及淋浴時的呼吸率可分別評估人體暴露於含揮發性有機物之加油站或地下水之吸入性風險，因此，呼吸速率是一非常重要的暴露參數。 本研究已完成50位受試者(25位男生、25位女生)，在安靜和淋浴狀態下的成人呼吸速率為12.5 ± 2.82 m3/day和14.9 ± 3.01 m3/day，低於環保署給予的建議值(17.14 m3/day和24 m3/day)。由年齡差異比較結果，發現20-24歲及25-30歲之間的各項數值均無顯著差異；重複試驗結果可知10位受試者在首次實驗和重複試驗之間並無顯著差異，代表本研究測得的數據具有可信度和良好的再現性。公式驗證部分，本研究除利用COSMED K5實測之平均換氧當量VQ(31.6)、攝氧因子H(0.207)來修正Layton提出之建議值外，此外，本研究亦參考江舟峰以熱量攝取率推估呼吸速率建置較接近本土化呼吸速率的修正公式。
計畫英文摘要	From the perspective of risk assessment, exposure factor through the exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation or dermal contact perspective, all in the reference from the available published data from US. Respiratory frequency is the rate of inspiration and expiration during breaths. Normal adults breathe with a rate of 12-20 times per minute during resting. The inhalation rates are highly age and gender related differences in lung structure, function, and breathing patterns. However, geography, life style, ethnicity, cultural background, physiological differences between foreign and domestic data, it is not suitable for foreign direct respiratory rates when evaluating exposure to air contaminants. Therefore, to establish a localized exposure factor of respiratory rates becomes very important. Our research proposes to collect the respiratory ventilation, respiratory patters, and metabolism during rest and shower via a portable gas exchange analyzer. The participants will first be subjected to the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1st second analysis by using a spirometry in sitting position. Afterward, the participants will be instructed to measure the respiratory ventilation, respiratory patterns, and metabolism during rest and shower. We also estimate respiratory rates on the basis of oxygen consumption associated with energy expenditures for shower periods of time. It is also the first study that could compare the available respiratory rates from different countries and/or different cultures. The respiratory rates play an important role in estimating the inhalation exposures to air contaminants. The results in the current study are particularly important when assessing the exposure and potential health risk of citizens in Taiwan who use underground water on the daily basis. The respiratory rate for the resting and showering conditions is used to assess the inhalation risk from exposure to volatile organic compounds in petrol station or groundwater, respectively. There were 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) recruited in this study. The respiratory rates were 12.5 ± 2.82 m3/day and 14.9 ± 3.01 m3/day for the resting and showering conditions, respectively. The results also showed that the current default value recommended by EPA for the respiratory rate during rest (17.14 m3/day) and shower (24 m3/day) was overestimated, and it should be modified based upon the results of this study. In addition, there was no significantly difference of respiratory rate between 20-24 age group and 25-30 age group. Replicate trials among 10 subjects also demonstrated the well reliability and reproducibility in this study. As validated in Layton’s equation, the input parameter of average ventilatory quotient (VQ) (31.6) and oxygen uptake factor (H) (0.207) were obtained by the COSMED K5 data. We also modified the food-energy intake to the current model proposed by Jiang et al. for appropriately predicted the respiratory rate in Taiwan.