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年度	107	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	調查
申請機構	國立台灣大學	申請系所	農業化學系
專案主持人	施養信	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	桃園地區多溴二苯醚高汙染潛勢土壤之調查研究
中文關鍵字	土壤, 多溴二苯醚, 持久性汙染物
專案英文名稱	Investigation of soi
英文關鍵字	Soil, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, persistent organic contaminants.
執行金額	1,041,750元
執行期間	2018/1/10 至 2018/11/30
計畫中文摘要	根據102年農委會計畫之成果發現在我國桃園區部分農作物檢測出含有多溴二苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)之污染。並在部分使用十溴二苯醚(decabrominated diphenyl ether, DBDE)之工廠附近土壤進行調查檢測出polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs。根據本實驗室近年之農作物吸收污染物的試驗中發現多溴二苯醚可能會藉由根部吸收方式傳輸至食用部位(莖葉)，PBDEs對土壤的污染將可透過植物吸收累積而對國人造成危害。先前對桃園區某間使用十溴二苯醚之工廠附近土壤進行調查，檢測出濃度高達2 mg/kg之多溴二苯醚，且污染有向下移動之趨勢。並在附近2公里外更發現一處土壤PBDE濃度高達5.5 mg/kg，遠高於加拿大底泥規範濃度的100-200倍，其周圍有國小、農田以及房舍等，將影響人民生活與食物安全。而民眾求償無門，也無法源命令污染者作整治。然而桃園地區仍有多間工廠曾有使用十溴二苯醚之記錄，但目前並無附近土壤的調查資料，為利於將來之整治規劃，本計畫持續監控已知之高污染農田，並且調查了桃園不同地區使用十溴二苯醚廠址附近土壤的污染情形。 我們調查、分析以及監測高潛勢污染廠址土壤以及已知污染農田不同深度土壤中多溴二苯醚含量，已完成了調查桃園地區使用DBDE之工廠數量與位址，依調查結果規劃土壤採樣，已完成對7間DBDE使用廠址周遭土壤採樣分析，並在其中一廠址旁土壤測得0.57 mg/kg之濃度。對已知之高污染廠址O祿分別在一月份與九月份進行不同深度0-2公分、2-15公分、15-30公分、45-60公分土壤共72件樣品採樣與分析，分析結果顯示土壤表面DBDE濃度相較於前兩年並未上升，但仍具相當高的濃度，並且污染物有向更深層土壤移動的趨勢。9個區塊DBDE濃度範圍為0.047~1.1 mg/kg。當中靠近工廠出風口土壤的平均污染濃度偏高，距離較遠之土壤測值則偏低；污染的深度範圍主要在0-30公分不等，但在靠近出風口處已滲入至更深層的45-60公分處，顯示急需整治。接著是對O祿旁2公里外高污染農田周界E土壤進行不同深度採樣與濃度分析，檢測DBDE濃度介於0.019~0.57 mg/kg，且有向下移動之趨勢，雖濃度並未上升，但依然遠高於一般土壤之濃度。另在周界E旁約200公尺遠之另一農田附近調查到DBDE濃度近1.3 mg/kg之污染土壤。以上結果顯示桃園區之PBDEs污染問題依然存在，搭配植物吸收模型之計算，推估有食用安全風險。本年度的調查研究成果可利於未來污染農田之整治規劃，並提供桃園地區高污染潛勢土壤的背景資料，以協助未來進一步擬定政策對PBDEs之管制量與污染範圍或環境流布之評估，以利未來針對PBDEs為目標進行整治之參考與建議。
計畫英文摘要	According to the inspection report of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-contaminated crops in Taoyuan area supported by Council of Agriculture, part of the crops were contaminated. Further, the investigations of the nearby factories utilizing deca-brominated diphenyl ether (DBDE) have found a high level of PBDEs in soil. Based on our recent studies regarding transportation of PBDEs by plant root to edible parts, they have shown the potential uptake route of PBDEs to edible parts of plants, which could threaten human health. Previously, 2.0 mg/kg PBDEs contamination in a PBDE-utilizing factory’s nearby farm leached to deeper soil. In addition, in the peripheral farmland also detected 5.5 mg/kg DBDE, which is 100 to 200 times higher than the sediment tolerant level of DBDE in Canada regulation. Therefore, the contamination is severe in these areas, also there are elementary school, farms and residential areas nearby. This issue is significantly affecting residents’ health and living. However, PBDEs inspection programs in these areas are lacking; therefore, to obtain background information to set up future remediation purpose and for the regulations, we need to monitor PBDE contaminations around these neighboring areas of PBDEs-utilizing factories. The results contained the PBDEs concentrations in surface and deeper soil in neighboring areas of 7 high potential PBDEs-utilizing factories and the heavily contaminated farms we found before. The soil samples of neighboring areas of 7 high potential PBDEs-utilizing factories have been analyzed and a site with 0.57 mg/kg PBDEs was measured. For the temporal and spatial surveys of X-Lu factory’s nearby contaminated farm, we analyzed 0-2 cm, 2-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 45-60 cm depth soil twice, totally 72 samples for their DBDE concentrations and have found that the concentration of PBDEs has not risen from 2016 to this year. Furthermore, the depth distribution showed that PBDEs moved toward deeper soil, indicating it is urgent to be remediated. The concentrations of DBDE in the contaminated farm were between 0.047 to 1.1 mg/kg and decreased by the increase of the distance from the factory’s air vent. On the other hand, in peripheral area E of the X-Lu factory, the DBDE concentrations were ranging from 0.019 to 0.57 mg/kg and also possesse the trend to move into deeper soil. And we found another contaminated farm near the peripheral area E with 1.3 mg/kg PBDEs. The results have shown that the PBDEs pollution problem in Taoyuan still exists, and the plant absorption model estimates that crops in the contaminated farms have a food safety risk. This study can provide background information for the remediations and regulations of PBDEs in highly contaminated areas in the future.