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年度	107	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立臺灣大學	申請系所	森林環境暨資源學系
專案主持人	柯淳涵	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	以農業廢棄物吸附進行低碳土壤重金屬污染處理之研究
中文關鍵字	重金屬淋洗、螫合劑、農業廢棄物、生質燃料、永續利用
專案英文名稱	Study on Heavy Metal Contamination in Low Carbon Soils with Agricultural Waste Adsorption
英文關鍵字	Heavy metal leaching, blending, agricultural waste, biomass fuel, sustainable use
執行金額	770,000元
執行期間	2018/1/10 至 2018/11/30
計畫中文摘要	土壤中之重金屬與其類金屬主要可能是來自於土壤母質岩（岩石源）和各種的人為來源。多種人為所造成的為重金屬污染，影響著農村和城市土壤。然而單一高濃度之重金屬所造成的局部污染，可能對土壤、植被和及當地居民的健康有顯著的影響，特別是在排放控制標準規範不足的國家。一般來說，工業活動發達之周圍土壤可能具有不同的重金屬污染物組，其主要是看產業的原料和加工化學產品。在交通上所造成的重金屬汙染，主要為鋅及鉛；而在油漆、電鍍產業上，則各式各樣的重金屬元素皆有。此外重金屬也可能通過水流、飛灰或是人為之方式散播出去，對於整個環境有著極為不利的影響。 本次實驗利用不同之螯合劑 EDTA 與 EDDS 做為淋洗液，去清除受重金屬銅及鉻汙染的土壤，因此找尋適當之條件下便可花費最低的成本與減少傷害環境之土壤中的基本性質下清除重金屬。經實驗結果，試樣土中之重金屬銅在低濃度 0.005 M 之螯合劑淋洗下，約達 50%之清除效果，且清除效果為 pH 2 > pH 4 >pH 8；而試樣土中重金屬鉻之清除效果為，隨著濃度上升其清除效果隨之增加，並在 0.1 M時之螯合劑淋洗下，可去除約 20 % 之重金屬鉻。 所選擇之生物吸附材木屑、造粒木屑及發酵廢渣對於低濃度的Cu2+都具有較強的吸附效果，在3小時內吸收重金屬銅可達50%以上，將可以實現以廢治廢的目的，其中以發酵廢渣的吸附效果最好，而吸附時間、吸附材料用量對吸附效果都會產生影響，以吸附材用量越多吸附效果越好，而吸附的速度在短時間內就可以達到吸附平衡。 在生質燃料製造過程，經適當乾燥程序後，使生質燃料含水量降低到10%左右，不僅增加可燃分含量，同時亦有助於發熱量之提升。灰分約佔約佔10%以下，未來製成生質燃料燃燒後，其量將只剩原來之10%以下，減容效果相當不錯。在發熱量方面，發熱量約為4000 kcal/kg左右，符合燃料自燃之最低限值 (1000 kcal/kg)，具有生質燃料的發展潛力，將可用於能源用途。因此本計畫已進行燃燒鍋鑪及熱交換器的製造，所造之顆粒進行燃燒後，可將木屑進行乾燥，所排放之污染物亦低於國家標準，可達成能源循環再利用用途。
計畫英文摘要	The heavy metals and their metals in the soil may be mainly derived from soil parent rock (rock source) and various anthropogenic sources. A variety of man-made pollution caused by heavy metals affects rural and urban soils. However, local pollution caused by a single high concentration of heavy metals may have a significant impact on the health of the soil, vegetation and local residents, especially in countries with inadequate emission control standards. In general, the surrounding soil with developed industrial activities may have different groups of heavy metal pollutants, mainly looking at the raw materials of the industry and processing chemical products. The heavy metal pollution caused by traffic is mainly zinc and lead; in the paint and electroplating industry, there are all kinds of heavy metal elements. In addition, heavy metals may also be dispersed by water, fly ash or artificial means, which has a very negative impact on the entire environment. In this experiment, different chelating agents EDTA and EDDS were used as eluents to remove soil contaminated with heavy metals such as copper and chromium. Therefore, it is possible to find the optimum cost and reduce the basic properties of the soil in the environment. Remove heavy metals underneath. According to the experimental results, the heavy metal copper in the sample soil is washed with a low concentration of 0.005 M chelating agent, about 50% of the removal effect, and the removal effect is pH 2 > pH 4 > pH 8; and the heavy metal in the sample soil The effect of chromium removal is that as the concentration increases, the removal effect increases, and at a 0.1 M chelating agent, about 20% of the heavy metal chromium can be removed. The selected biosorption material wood chips, granulated wood chips and fermentation waste residue have strong adsorption effect on low concentration of Cu2+, and the absorption of heavy metal copper can reach 50% or more within 3 hours, which can achieve the purpose of waste treatment. Among them, the adsorption effect of fermentation waste residue is the best, and the adsorption time and the amount of adsorption material have an effect on the adsorption effect. The more the adsorption material is used, the better the adsorption effect, and the adsorption speed can reach the adsorption equilibrium in a short time. In the raw fuel manufacturing process, after the appropriate drying process, the moisture content of the raw fuel is reduced to about 10%, which not only increases the flammable content, but also contributes to the increase in calorific value. The ash content accounts for about 10% or less. After the raw biomass fuel is burned in the future, the amount will be less than 10%, and the volume reduction effect is quite good. In terms of calorific value, the calorific value is about 4000 kcal/kg, which is in line with the minimum limit of fuel spontaneous combustion (1000 kcal/kg), and has the development potential of biofuels, which can be used for energy purposes. Therefore, the project has been carried out for the manufacture of combustion boilers and heat exchangers. After the pellets are burned, the wood chips can be dried, and the pollutants discharged are also lower than the national standards, and energy recycling can be achieved.