成果專區 - 土壤及地下水污染整治基金補助研究與模場專案宣導網

專案基本資料

年度	100	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	底泥
申請機構	國立中興大學	申請系所	環境工程學系
專案主持人	張書奇	職等/職稱	助理教授
專案中文名稱	二仁溪污染底泥整治模場試驗計畫（第二年）
中文關鍵字	二仁溪；底泥；模廠試驗；多氯聯苯；多還芳香烴；重金屬
專案英文名稱	Remediation pilot study of the contaminated sediment in Er-Ren River (Year 2)
英文關鍵字	Er-Ren River；sediment；pilot study；polychlorinated biphenyl；polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons；heavy metals
執行金額
執行期間	2011/11/26 至 2012/11/25
計畫中文摘要	河川底泥在生態系中扮演重要功能，如河川自淨功能、浮游生物棲地、河川底棲生物棲地等，一旦遭受持久性污染物之污染，污染物將可循食物鏈進入人體及動植物體內，造成人體健康危害與生態系損害。以我國目前污染嚴重之二仁廢五金露天燃燒地區，廢氣中粒狀物質沉降及廢金屬回收酸洗廢水直接排入河川中。經歷年學者調查，最引人注意之污染物包括重金屬、多環芳香烴類、多氯聯苯與戴奧辛。依據歷史性資料，戴奧辛之濃度未達污染管制標準；多環芳香烴類雖無相關標準，但明顯達到有害程度；多氯聯苯已明顯超過標準，應採積極性方法進行復育；重金屬污染以鉻、銅與砷之濃度與毒性相對較高而有顯著風險，亦應進行復育，但經濟有效之復育技術付之闕如。本計畫之目的在於開發低成本高效率之奈米材料進行生物、物理化學整合之復育，去除底泥中之重金屬、多環芳香烴與多氯聯苯三種不同種類之污染物。本模場試驗計畫之特色在於以一整合方式進行底泥污染復育，於四種不同復育條件下進行，即自然回復、生物刺激、物理化學吸附回收及整合式復育四種不同策略之對照試驗，以三類型之污染物總體去除率評估復育成果。本計畫將於二仁溪與支流三爺溪匯流處之底泥進行模場試驗，以自行設計之試驗設施進行研究，上年度計畫已針對Aroclor 1242 進行四種不同方式之研究並獲得初步結論，亦即低成本高效益之解決方案已經有初步正面成果。鑒於二仁溪底泥中主要污染物PCBs 經底泥採樣分析發現除類似Aroclor 1242 之同源物外，仍有一部分是屬於Aroclor 1254 與Aroclor 1260，其中以Aroclor 1254 同源物指標波峰非常明顯。本年度計畫重點為針對Aroclor 1254、萘、鉻、銅與砷進行自然回復、物理化學吸附、生物刺激與整合復育之對照試驗。自然回復組以二仁溪底泥循環現地之二仁溪河水為實驗條件；物理化學吸附實驗組以加入1-3 奈米之氧化鐵並進行回收為主；生物刺激組以加入食品級植物油奈米乳化液為主；整合式復育則以結合食品級植物油奈米乳化液與奈米氧化鐵同時進行復育為主要手段。本計畫結果顯示在150 天內，所有試驗組別之萘之移除可達97%以上；Aroclor 1254 在第189 天之最佳移除率可達75%以上，重金屬部分以砷之移除率最高，在150 天內可達14.53%，鉻之最佳移除率為5.17%，銅之最佳移除率為8.38%，此外鉛之移除率可達13.06%。整體而言，生物刺激為相對較佳之處理方式。
計畫英文摘要	River sediments play an imperative role in ecosystems, such as self-cleaning capacity, planktonic habitat, and benthic organismal habitat. Once contaminated, the contaminant may enter human body or other organisms through food chains resulting adverse health effects and detriment of ecosystems. Taking Er-Ren River as an example, the major pollution source is the upstream pig farm discharges. Its downstream merges with Shan-Ye-Gung River and then flows into the sea. This area was famous for it metal recovery using open burning. Both particulate matters deposition and acidic　drainage from metal recovery caused severe contamination of this river. According to the literature, among all contaminants, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals received most attentions. Historical data showed (1) dioxins are well below the regulated standards; (2) PCBs are well above the regulated standard; and (3) copper, arsenic, and chromium are either near to or above the regulated standards. However, a cost-effective remediation technology for this intermixed contamination does not exist. Here, we propose a new remediation technology by integrating biological and physicochemical processes with novel nanomaterials. The special feature of this technology is to assess the success of remediation not only on the removal of target contaminants but also on the water body toxicity after intervention. This approach will assure no accumulation of more toxic substances and true reduction of total environmental risks. The first year project already showed positive result and a highly cost-effective solution seems to be feasible. Due to the evident Aroclor 1254 pattern shown in the gas chromatograph of PCB analysis in sediment, this year we will focus on the remediation on Aroclor 1254. Copper removal will also be included because it is well above the regulated standard. By conducting four different experiments in parallel, i.e. natural recovery (NR), biostimulation (BS), physicochemical adsorption (PA), and integrated remediation (IR), the results will be evaluated considering the removal or degradation of three groups of contaminants, i.e., PAHs, PCBs, and heavy metals, in order to avoid to the situation of decrease of certain contaminants causing the increase of other contaminants. The natural recovery one will have no engineering intervention and all contaminant concentrations will be monitored. Biostimulation experiment will employ a food-grade soybean oil nanoemulsion and necessary nutrients to stimulate the biodegradation of the contaminants. Adsorption experiment will employ the in-house synthesized magnetite nanoparticles for recovery of heavy metals. The integrated remediation will combine the nanoemulsion and magnetite nanoparticle approaches. This project has shown that within 150 days, all tested combinations can achieve higher than 97% removal of naphthalene. The best removal of Aroclor 1254 at day 189 is as high as 76.4%. For heavy metals, the highest removal percentages of As, Cr, and Cu are 14.53%, 5.17%, and 8.38%. Lead can also be removed up to 13.06%. Overall, biostimulation is better than any other test technologies in this project.

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