成果專區 - 土壤及地下水污染整治基金補助研究與模場專案宣導網

專案基本資料

年度	100	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	調查
申請機構	國立成功大學	申請系所	水質研究中心
專案主持人	洪瑋濃	職等/職稱	助理研究員
專案中文名稱	應用化學指紋與生物指標鑑定受柴油污染土壤與地下水污染源之研究
中文關鍵字	柴油污染；生物指標；特徵因子比值
專案英文名稱
英文關鍵字	Diesel； Biomarker；Diagnostic Ratios_
執行金額
執行期間	2011/11/26 至 2012/11/25
計畫中文摘要	過去和現在人類的相關經濟活動，已經造成台灣地區不同程度之土壤和地下水污染，其中加油站與儲槽洩漏所產生的油品污染一直是主要的環境問題。由於加油站與儲槽的洩漏油品多具有致癌性，對於人體健康和生態系統有一定程度的危害。如何在污染事件發生時，藉由環境法醫鑑定(Environmental Forensics)技術找出污染種類/來源並截斷污染源，是後續場址調查、整治復育工作成功與否的重要關鍵因素。此外，當污染場址整治時(或完成後)，整治單位與場址所有人、污染行為人等不同單位之間可能會存在污染責任歸屬及賠償責任歸屬問題，為減少後續冗長且昂貴的法律訴訟，必須藉由科學方法明確地鑑定污染來源。有系統地建立中油公司和台塑石油公司煉製柴油和加油站販售柴油的化學指紋(Chemical Fingerprint)與生物指標(Biomarker)資料庫，對於提升未來漏油事件的污染源鑑定可靠度準確度具有極大的益處。本研究選用柴油進行試驗，油品來源包含兩大煉油公司煉製柴油和加油站市售油品。煉製柴油包含裂解(Hydrocarbon Cracking)方法煉製柴油和蒸餾(Distillation) 方法煉製柴油，共 15 個煉製油品(Refined Diesels)。市售柴油計有 13 個加油站油品，涵蓋在臺灣北部、中部、南部和東部，計包含 7 個中油公司的超級柴油(Super Diesel)油品(5 個直營店、2 個加盟店)，6 個台塑石油公司(4 個直營店、2 個加盟店) 的環保柴油(Premium Diesel)油品。煉製柴油分析結果顯示，裂解煉製的柴油所含的石油碳氫化合物在重組過程會喪失原本煉製原油的指紋圖譜和生物指標特性，使得煉製柴油皆具有相似的指紋圖譜與生物指標特性。蒸餾煉製柴油會隨著煉製原油的來源不一樣而改變煉製產品的指紋圖譜和特徵因子比值(Diagnostic Ratio)。煉製輕質柴油之特徵因子比值可由煉製油品的原油特徵因子比值結合煉製原油的比例進行預測。蒸餾煉製會保留其原油指紋圖譜與生物指標特性；也就是蒸餾方法會由於煉製原油不同，導致其柴油指紋圖譜與特徵因子比值產生差異。市售加油站柴油結果顯示，中油公司超級柴油之總碳氫化合物生物指標化合物呈現兩個族群分佈，新北市新莊站(CPC XZ)、新竹市百祥站(CPC HC)、苗栗市中華路站(CPC ML)、臺東縣特新站(CPC TX)等北臺灣加油站具有相似的n-C17/Pr(1.66)、n-C18/Ph(1.89)、Pr/Ph 比值(1.41)；嘉義市博愛路站(CPC BA)、臺南市前鋒站(CPC CF)、高雄市前鎮站(CPC CJ)的比值與前述不一樣，其值為 n-C17/Pr(3.86)、n-C18/Ph(2.44)、Pr/Ph(0.80)。造成中油公司不同區域油品的總碳氫化合物生物指標特徵因子差異推測是供應煉油廠區不同導致。新北市、新竹市、苗栗市和臺東縣加油站油品都是由桃園煉油廠所供應；而嘉義市、臺南市和高雄市則是由高雄大林或林園煉油廠區所供應。相對於中油公司不同區域油品的生物指標特徵因子差異現象，台塑石油公司的全國新莊站(FPCC XZ)、全國台肥苗栗站 (FPCC ML)、嘉義市嘉義交流道站(FPCC CY)、臺南市大同站(FPCC DT)、高雄市大業站(FPCC DY)、臺東縣瑞鹿站(FPCC RL)等六座加油站市售環保柴油具有類似的 n-C17/Pr、n-C18/Ph、Pr/Ph 比值，其平均值分別為 3.30、2.10、0.78。根據研究結果，單純藉由柴油油品 Pr/Ph 特徵因子比值無法百分之百合理地鑑識或分辨出中油公司和台塑石油公司的柴油，必須依賴其他資訊才能正確地判斷油品來源。藉由不同的總碳氫化合物(Total Ion Chromatography)特徵因子比值或雙環類蓓半萜烷(Bicyclic Sequiterpanes)特徵因子比值進行不同區域加油站柴油來源鑑識，發現 n-C17/Pr 和 n-C18/Ph、Pr/Ph 和 n-C18/Ph、Pr/Ph 和 BS3/BS5 這三組雙比值可將中油公司和台塑石油公司在不同地區的柴油來源區分成三個群組。模擬柴油風化和模擬受柴油污染土壤風化實驗顯示，在模擬時間尺度(5 個月)內上述這些生物指標特徵因子比值不易隨風化時間而改變，初步說明這些以生物指標為參數的特徵因子比值可應用在本研究所測試之中油和台塑公司所屬不同加油站柴油污染源的鑑識。考量異戊間二烯(Isoprenoids)和雙環類蓓半萜(Bicyclic Sisteterpanes)是屬於較不易受生物降解影響的生物指標，在本研究試驗的條件下，對於風化洩漏柴油和受洩漏柴油污染土壤的污染來源的鑑識，建議使用 Pr/Ph 和 BS3/BS5 特徵因子比值作為不同加油站油品和洩漏污染來源的鑑識。然而，對於現地污染場址而言，現地風化條件對上述 Pr/Ph 和 BS3/BS5 特徵因子比值的鑑識度影響，有待後續研究討論。
計畫英文摘要	Past and present human economic activities have caused varying degrees of soil and groundwater contamination in Taiwan, of which oil pollution has been generated by the gas station and storage tank leakage is a major environmental problem. There have a certain degree of hazard for human health and ecosystems due to the gas station and storage tank leak oil is more carcinogenic. It is a key factor for the success follow-up site investigations, remediation restoration work when the pollution incident occurred to employ environmental forensic identification technology to identify the types of pollution / source and truncate the source of pollution. In addition, when the contaminated site remediation (or completed), the remediation company, the owner of the site and polluters may exist pollution attribution of responsibility and liability for the question of attribution, in order to reduce follow-up to a lengthy and expensive legallitigation, must be clearly identified sources of pollution by scientific methods. Establishment the Chemical Fingerprint and Biomarker database of refining diesel and petrol station of Chinese Petroleum Corporation (CPC) and Formosa Petroleum (FPCC) will enhance identification reliability accuracy with great benefits for the future oil leakage pollution source. In this study the diesel is used for testing and the oil source from two oil companies’ refining diesel and their gas stations. Refining diesel made from Hydrocarbon Cracking method and Distillation method, a total of 15 Refined Diesel products. There have 13 gas stations oil products were studied, covering Taiwan's northern, central, south and east. It includes 7 CPC’s super diesel oil (5 outlets, 2 stores), 6 FPCC’s premium diesel oil (4 outlets, 2 stores). The analysis results of refining diesel fuel show that cracking refining of diesel petroleum hydrocarbons contained in the restructuring process lost the original fingerprint of the refining of crude oil and the characteristics of biological indicators, and resulting the similar fingerprint and biological indicators of characteristics in the refining diesel. Distillation refining diesel will change the fingerprint of the refined products and Diagnostic Ratio as follow different source of refining crude oil. Characteristic factors of the refining of light diesel oil ratio factor ratio can be predict from the refined petroleum crude oil characteristics and the proportion of the refining of crude oil. Distillation refining will retain its crude oil fingerprint and　biomarker of characteristics; it indicates that distillation refining of crude oil, resulting in its diesel fingerprint characteristic factor ratios differ. Commercial diesel gas stations show that CPC’s Super diesel hydrocarbons biological indicators have two groups of distribution, the gas stations of the CPC XZ, CPC HC, CPC ML, CPC TX and so on gas stations in northern Taiwan region have similar n-C17/Pr (1.66), n-C18/Ph (1.89), Pr/Ph ratio (1.41); the gas stations of CPC BA, CPC CF, CPC CJ with the foregoing its value n-C17/Pr to (3.86), n-C18/Ph (2.44), Pr/Ph (0.80). Total hydrocarbons and biological indicators characteristic factor differences caused by the different regions of the CPC oil supply refinery area, suggesting that the new Taipei, Hsinchu, Miaoli City and Taitung County gas station oil is supplied by the Taoyuan Refinery; and Chiayi City, Tainan City and Kaohsiung City is supplied by Kaohsiung Dalin or Linyuan Refinery. It has similar results of characteristics of biological indicators for the different areas in the stations of FPCC XZ, FPCC ML, FPCC CY, FPCC DT, FPCC DY, FPCC RL and so on six gas stations’ diesel has similar n-C17/Pr, and n -C18/Ph Pr / Ph ratio, its average ratio were 3.30,2.10,0.78. According to the results, the ratio of diesel oil characteristics of Pr/Ph factor can not be reasonable forensic or identify between the CPC and FPCC diesel, it must be rely on other information in order to correctly determine the oil source. Employ the characteristics of the Total Ion Chromatography factor ratio or Bicyclic Sequiterpanes factor ratio for different regions of the gas station diesel sources forensic, the contrast found n-C17/Pr and n-C18/Ph, Pr/Ph and n-C18/Ph, Pr/Ph and BS3/BS5 those three group pairs ratio could divided CPC and FPCC’s dieselS into three groups. Considerations of Isoprenoids and Bicyclic Sisteterpanes are less susceptible to the effects of biological indicators of biodegradation, Pr/Ph and BS3/BS5 characteristic factor ratios for the weathered diesel leak proposal forensics as a source of oil pollution. Diesel weathering experiments showed that in the current simulation time scale factor ratio of about five months of the characteristics of these biomarkers is not easy with the wind of change over time, a preliminary description of these parameters on the biological indicators characteristic factor ratios can be applied at different gas stations diesel sources forensic.

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