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年度	102	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	調查
申請機構	國立高雄師範大學	申請系所	生物科技系所
專案主持人	陳士賢	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	發展環境法醫技術於油品污染場址污染源鑑定
中文關鍵字	環境法醫；污染源鑑定；油品污染場址
專案英文名稱	Development of Environmental Forensic Technique in Source Identification of Fuel Contaminated Sites
英文關鍵字	Environmental forensics；Source identification；Fuel contaminated sites
執行金額
執行期間	2012/12/10 至 2013/12/9
計畫中文摘要	本計畫目的為發展環境法醫技術，應用於國內常見之柴油污染場址的污染源判釋，評估油品污染場址之相關環境法醫鑑識分析技術，並探討風化過程對油品化學指紋特性及鑑識之影響。在建立柴油及航空燃油油品基本資料庫工作上，除了彙整過去油品相關資料外，並進行柴油(中油及台塑)及航空燃油(Jet A-1 及JP-8)基本特性分析，進一步利用分布試驗導出Jet A-1 及JP-8 目標污染物之分布係數與溶解度的理想關係式: logKfw= −logS+0.689 與logKfw=−logS+0.724，此航空燃油理想關係式可提供調查及整治規畫者在短時間內估算出碳氫化合物從有機相分布到水體的行為，將有助於在航空燃油污染時作出適當且及時的評估，以提供適切的整治方法之參考依據。 針對評估風化過程對柴油化學指紋及鑑識之影響，探討土壤受市售柴油污染後(新近及老舊污染)，風化作用對碳氫化合物濃度及組成成分間的影響，配合油品來源意義之特徵因子比值分析，從而建立柴油污染源鑑識技術。在老舊柴油及柴油污染土壤的分析分別為2000 年、2002 年、2003年所購置柴油所製備的柴油污染土壤以及2005年柴油與柴油污染土壤，以及在實驗室所置備新鮮柴油污染土壤，結果發現柴油中直鏈烷損失較為明顯，而類異戊二烯(isoprenoids)尚未受到劇烈影響，因此風化條件主要為蒸發作用所主導，而風化程度僅屬於輕度風化。利用多種雙環類倍半萜烷(bicyclic sesquiterpanes)比值，鑑識其原油來源的差異， 分析naphthalenes 系列化合物以及phenanthrenes 系列指紋圖譜，將特徵因子進行一致性評估，並將老舊柴油及柴油污染土壤之特徵因子比值繪製出雙比值散佈圖，結果顯示中油柴油特徵因子比值與2005 柴油及柴油污染土壤較相似，結果與柴油油品來源資訊相符。最後將本計畫累積之風化鑑識技術應用於國內污染場址樣品之洩漏來源鑑別，由結果得知雙環類倍半萜烷抗風化能力佳，污染場址受風化之樣品所含雙環類倍半萜烷尚未受到劇烈影響而消失，與中油、台塑柴油污染土壤比對結果分為二群，此部分結果與實場樣品來源資訊相符，顯示本計畫評析柴油油品污染場址的可行性環境法醫鑑識流程所建立的柴油油品污染鑑識指標化合物及參數，以及所建立之指紋資料庫及鑑識分析技術，可作為國內柴油污染場址的鑑識參考。
計畫英文摘要	Soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum products released from underground or aboveground storage tanks is a serious and widespread environmental problem. Diesel and aviation fuels are among the most frequently spilled petroleum products and are the focus of this study. The objective of this project is to develop proper chemical analysis methodologies which are feasible to characterize and identify fuel-contaminated sites from environmental forensics prospect. By use of a two-phase liquid-liquid equilibrium model, fuel-water partition coefficients (Kfw) of major components were measured for civil and military aviation fuels (i.e., Jet A-1 and JP-8). Target compounds and physical and chemical properties of aviation fuels were determined. The ideal behavior model was as following: logKfw= −logS+0.689 (Jet A-1) and logKfw= −logS+0.724 (JP-8). The models derived using Raoult’s law convention for activity coefficients and liquid solubility is presented. Soils contaminated by diesel fuel produced in 2000, 2002, 2003, and 2005 were used for our weathering effectstudy. The slightly degraded fuel is usually indicated by partial depletion of nalkanes; a moderately degraded one is often indicated by heavy loss of n-alkanes and partial loss of lighter polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); for highly degraded oil, the n-alkanes and branched alkanes could be completely lost, and PAHs and their alkyl homologues could be highly degraded. After the long term weathering processes of 8 and 10 years, compounds with molecular weight smaller than C9 alkanes were disappeared in soils contaminated by diesel fuel in 2003 and 2005, respectively. Also it was found that fuel constituents with molecular weight smaller than C10 alkanes were disappeared in aging contaminated soil of 2002. For soil sample through 13 years of weathering processes, compounds with molecular weight smaller than C11 alkanes were degraded, furthermore, after the long term weathering processes of 365 days, compounds with molecular weight smaller than C12 alkanes were disappeared in soils contaminated by diesel fuels of Chinese Petroleum Company (CPC) and Formosa (FOR). It was illustrated that Isoprenoids, bicyclic sesquiterpanes and alkylated PAHs are less susceptible to the effects of biological indicators of biodegradation. The ratios of characteristic factors such as pristane/phytane, C15 sesquiterpane/8β (H)-drimane (BS3/BS5), C15 sesquiterpane/8β (H)-drimane (BS4/BS5), C15 sesquiterpane/C15 sesquiterpane (BS4/BS6), C15 sesquiterpane/8β (H)- homodrimane (BS3/BS10) and 8β (H)- drimane/8β (H)-homodrimane (BS5/BS10), methylphenanthrene Indices (MPI), methylnaphthalene ratio (MNR), methylphenanthrene ratio (MPR) can be adopted as forensic indicators in diesel contaminated sites. The results indicated that the characteristic ratio of diesel fuel produced in 2005 with soils contaminated by diesel fuel of 2005 were similar. Apparently characteristic ratio match the information sources. Finally, source identification was attempted for samples collected from different fuel contaminated sites by using the unique pattern of sesquiterpanes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that diagnostic ratios of sesquiterpanes are largely unaffected byevaporation. It is anticipated that the information generated from this study will be adopted by decision makers to evaluate the liability of cleanup in diesel contaminated sites in Taiwan. The database, forensic criterion, and parameters established in this study should be coupled with other information such as hydrogeological condition, environmental condition of contaminated sites for better results of environmental forensics.