成果專區 - 土壤及地下水污染整治基金補助研究與模場專案宣導網

專案基本資料

年度	102	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	調查
申請機構	崑山科技大學	申請系所	環境工程系所
專案主持人	吳庭年	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	運用紫外光學雷射誘發螢光系統於石化場址進行漏源追溯與組成特徵辨識
中文關鍵字	雷射誘發螢光；石油化學；漏源追溯
專案英文名稱	Source tracking and characteristic recognition of field leakage using ultra-violet optical laser induced fluorescence system at the petrochemical industrial site
英文關鍵字	laser-induced fluorescence；petrochemical；source tracking
執行金額
執行期間	2012/12/10 至 2013/12/9
計畫中文摘要	石油化學工業一般類屬於環境高污染行業，由於使用原料與製程特性，污染成分通常為揮發性有機物(volatile organic compounds, VOC)如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等有機溶劑，與半揮發性有機物(semi-volatile organic compounds, SVOC) 如 naphthalene、phenanthrene、dibenzothiophene、fluorene、chrysene 及部分多環芳香族碳氫化合物。污染發生的原因大致為意外事件、運送、貯存及煉製過程中可能產生洩漏或不當排放造成，於環境調查監測主要指標性的污染成分為多環芳香族碳氫化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)、酚類與石油碳氫化合物(TPH) 為最普遍。紫外光學雷射誘發螢光系統(Ultra-Violet Optical laser induced fluorescence system, UVOST-LIF)為一種光學檢測技術，在環境污染物檢測之應用原理，主要針對部分環境污染物成分具有光激發螢光反應之特性，於使用高功率密度 (power density) 之雷射光源可得到較高強度之螢光反應，因而增加檢測的靈敏度。運用於石化類污染物之檢測，主要針對化合物分子中具不飽和之π(雙鍵)成分，因能量之激發而產生螢光之特性進行檢測分析。紫外光學雷射誘發螢光技術的應用對象係針對「自由相態」(free phase)的石化污染物，有別於針對「溶解相態」有機污染物的薄膜介面探測系統(MIP)調查技術。雷射激發螢光系統為一新穎的即時場址調查技術，國外已有些調查作業場址的成功應用案例。本研究計畫於已發生洩漏狀況之場址進行地表下連續性雷射螢光檢測，以瞭解地下環境中自由相態污染物的分布情形，並配合地質水文調查期能找出優勢路徑回推可能之洩漏來源。利用現場雷射螢光特徵圖譜測定結果，選取少量高濃度土壤樣品進行 GC-FID 或 GC-MS 分析，以鑑定洩漏源之污染物種類，並辨識污染物之空間分布。同步結合薄膜界面探測推估污染團分布，比對雷射激發螢光探測之自由相污染物分布，藉由污染成份空間分布之相互關聯性，使得原先污染洩漏的情境得以重建，針對洩漏源是否仍持續存在或僅為偶發事件之殘留物亦可獲得確認。本模場試驗可以呈現雷射誘發螢光探測之優點，搭配其他即時現場探測方法之整合運用，可提供相關場址建置污染場址概念模型(Site Conceptual Model, SCM) 與溯源追漏之案例參考。由紫外光學雷射誘發螢光系統現地檢測結果得知，測得污染物螢光特徵屬性經彙整歸類後大致可分為 5 個污染分布特徵群，進一步由環境場址評估作業 (Environmental Site Assessment‚ESA)歸納出 3 個可能污染來源區（廠區內 Sulfolane 洩漏之事件、試驗場址內油水分離設施、第二分離工場不明洩漏來源）與其餘 2 個污染混合區。與土壤地下水取樣分析結果比對，由 TPH 之氣相層析圖譜間接證實 UVOST-LIF 所推斷的污染油品特徵屬性，並瞭解該場址屬多重洩漏污染的狀況。惟洩漏成分中包含易揮發的輕質油品類物質，其雷射誘發螢光特徵易受到其他重質油品特徵干擾；而此特性缺憾可導入現地 MIP 調查補充輕質油品的洩漏分布，藉此建立完整的空間污染場址概念模型，並降低調查結果資料的不確定性。從本研究調查案例經驗得知，藉由洩漏污染物質之雷射誘發螢光特徵屬性與污染團空間傳輸分布狀況，來推估場址的污染來源是可行方式。尤其在多重洩漏源情形下，運用 UVOST-LIF 調查可以快速釐清場址污染分布特徵，但現場存在許多不明的干擾因素，若能結合其他調查方法可降低本系統對輕質油品類物質的誤判風險，並減少調查結果的不確定性，以獲致快速又準確的場址污染調查成果。
計畫英文摘要	Petrochemical industry is commonly listed as one of highly contaminated industries to the environment. According to the characteristics of raw materials and manufacturing processes, the expected contaminants are volatile organic compounds (such as benzene, toluene, xylene and other solvents) and semi- volatile organic compounds (such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, chrysene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at a petrochemical industrial site. The occurrence of soil and groundwater contamination is mainly caused by accidental events, unintentional leakage or unacceptable release during transportation, storage and refinery processes. In general, the target compounds of environmental monitoring and site investigation are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Ultra-violet optical laser induced fluorescence (UVOST-LIF) system belongs to optical measurement technology. In order to enhance measurement sensitivity, the LIF system utilizes a laser beam with high power density to detect certain photo-induced fluorescence reactive contaminants. For the cases of petroleum contaminant detection, certain compound molecules possess π double bonding capable of being initiated with energy and releasing fluorescence, which can be further in-situ detected by the LIF system. The LIF detection is aimed at finding free-phase petroleum pollutants that are quite different from the membrane interface probe (MIP) detection. The LIF system is developed for on-site real-time site investigation, and it has been successfully tested at several foreign site investigation cases. This study selected one soil and groundwater remediation site with potential leakage sources for the testing of in-situ continuous LIF detection. The distribution of free-phase petroleum contaminants obtained from the LIF detection was integrated with the results of hydrogeological survey to trace the possible transport pathway of leakage sources. Based on LIF specific waveform profile, several soil samples were subjected to GC-FID or GC-MS analysis for further identification of leakage contaminants. The MIP detection was synchronously applied to examine the distribution of dissolved contaminants, and the obtained results from the MIP detection were compared with those of the LIF detection as well. Thus, actual leaking scenario is expected to rebuild through the combination of LIF detection and MIP detection. The contaminant plume resulting from the continual sources or pulse leaking can be possibly confirmed as well. This field study is able to demonstrate the advantages of the LIF detection and to illustrate the establishment of site conceptual model and leakage source tracking through the associated application of on-site real-time site investigation tools. The results of in-situ UVOST-LIF detection illustrated that site contamination can be classified into 5 types of plume distributions based on their fluorescence characteristics. Integrating with the Environmental Site Assessment (Environmental Site Assessment, ESA) work, plume distributions were roughly recognized as 3 possible source leakages (at the previous sulfolane spill site, the oil-water separation facilities, and the second separation plant) and the other 2 mixing zones of contamination. Comparing with the analysis of soil and groundwater sampling, the identified contaminants according to LIF fluorescence characteristics were indirectly confirmed with TPH chromatograms by GC-FID analysis. The extent of contamination originating from multi-leakages can be figured out by in-situ UVOST-LIF detection. One drawback of LIF detection is that the fluorescence characteristics of light fuel components might be overlaid by heavy fuel components, and MIP detection can be employed to conquer this drawback and to assist the establishment of complete spatial sites conceptual model (SCM) of distributed contamination. The uncertainty of site investigation can be reduced through LIF detection associated with MIP detection, and this study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying the LIF fluorescence characteristics of the leakages associated with spatial transport distribution of contaminant plumes to anatomize the possible contaminant sources in the field. The application of in-situ UVOST-LIF detection can rapidly outline the characteristics of contaminant distribution, and other investigation methods can be employed as well to reduce data gap and the uncertainty of site investigation. Accordingly, the mistake of site assessment regarding light fuel materials can be eliminated, and the accurate investigation results can be quickly obtained.

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