成果專區 - 土壤及地下水污染整治基金補助研究與模場專案宣導網

專案基本資料

年度	103	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	底泥
申請機構	國立中山大學	申請系所	新興污染物研究中心
專案主持人	楊金鐘	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	典寶溪底泥中之新興污染物流布調查及新穎現地整治技術開發
中文關鍵字	底泥；鄰苯二甲酸酯類；藥物類；施威特曼石；電動力法
專案英文名稱	Investigation on occurrence of emerging contaminants in sediment of Dianbao River and development of a novel in situ remediation technology thereof
英文關鍵字	Sediment；Phthalate esters；Pharmaceuticals；Schwertmann；Electrokinetics
執行金額
執行期間	2013/11/25 至 2014/11/24
計畫中文摘要	本專案研究旨在調查典寶溪底泥中 8 種鄰苯二甲酸酯類、11 種鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物、18 種抗生素藥物類及 10 種非抗生素藥物類之殘留濃度，並嘗試利用奈米級施威特曼石/過氧化氫氧化程序結合電動力法 (簡稱 “新穎現地整治技術＂) 整治鄰苯二甲酸酯類及藥物類污染底泥，期盼未來建立一本土化可行的現地整治技術，以作為後續實場應用。於典寶溪溪底泥中鄰苯二甲酸酯類、鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物及藥物類之殘留濃度調查工作方面，已完成針對選定之 6 個採樣點位進行 4 梯次採集底泥樣品，綜合調查結果發現，於底泥中可檢出 3 種鄰苯二甲酸酯類、6 種鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物及 2 種藥物類化合物，於角宿支流角宿橋處檢出mg/kg濃度 (ppm濃度) 等級之DEHP 殘留量，其最高濃度 (2458 µg/kg) 為「底泥品質指標之分類管理及用途限制辦法」之管理下限值 1.25 倍。於新穎現地整治技術方面，電動力反應系統之底泥反應器所充填之底泥係採集自聖興橋處，試驗期間則將奈米級施威特曼石及過氧化氫分別以全部注入陽極槽液及 5 等分平均注入陽極槽與底泥反應室的 4 個注入孔中，並施加定電壓 (1.5 V/cm) 進行為期 14 日及 28 日期程之 6 組電動力試驗 (含空白試驗)。試驗結果顯示：(1) 於陽極槽液中注入的奈米級施威特曼石及過氧化氫（簡稱“新穎氧化劑＂），可分別藉由電泳及電滲透流移向陰極端，同時藉由反應產生之 OH‧強氧化劑，可將底泥中標的污染物 (鄰苯二甲酸酯類及藥物類) 予以降解；(2) 電動力空白試驗結果發現，單純施加電場 (1.5 V/cm) 有助於標的污染物的去除；(3) 電極極性轉換有助於鄰近初始陰極端底泥中標的污染物之去除；(4) 新穎氧化劑以 5 等分平均注入陽極槽及底泥反應室的 4 個注入孔中可提高標的污染物之去除效率；(5) 延長電動力反應時間，有助於標的污染物的去除；(6) 氧化劑會造成整治試驗底泥之結構尺寸變小，利用電動力法可有效輔助 nano-SHM/H2O2氧化劑傳輸於底泥顆粒間隙，增加標的污染物之去除效率；及 (7) 本研究採用之工法對於整治過程，其標的污染物在電極槽液之殘留濃度極低 (ppt 濃度等級)。另外，本專案研究所開發的新穎現地整治技術其操作成本粗估約低於 5,681 元/噸，具經濟可行性。由於電動力法之最大優勢為可直接進行現地污染整治 (節省龐大的開挖工程費用) ，並適用於黏土質地的土壤及底泥，因此，本整治工法對於大規模現地整治鄰苯二甲酸酯類及藥物類污染底泥（無論其質地為砂土、砏土或黏土）應具有強大的應用潛勢。
計畫英文摘要	The objectives of this study are two-fold: (1) to investigate the residual concentrations of eight phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 phthalate esters metabolites (PAEMs), 18 antibiotics, and 10 non-antibiotics in sediment samples collected from the Dianbao River; and (2) to develop and establish a localized, feasible in situ remediation technology coupling nano-schwertmannite/H2O2 process and electrokinetic process (in short, “the novel in situ remediation technology”) for the removal of PAEs and pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Dianbao River. To meet the first objective, four batches of sediment have been sampled at six sampling sites along the Dianbao River as originally planned. Three PAEs, six PAEMs, and two pharmaceuticals were detected in sediments collected. The level of parts per million (ppm) of residual di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected for sediment samples collected at Jiaosu Bridge. The relevant highest concentration (2,458 µg/kg) is 1.25 times greater than the regulatory level of the “Regulations for Systematic Management of Quality Indices of Sediments and Their Use Restrictions” promulgated by Taiwan EPA. To meet the second objective, six tests including the blank test with a remediation time of 14 days or 28 days were carried out using the novel in situ remediation technology under an electric potential gradinet of 1.5 V/cm for sediment samples collected at Shengxing Bridge. Test results are given as follows: (1) injection of nano-schwertmannite slurry and H2O2 (collectively, “novel oxidants”) into the anode reservoir would yield OH• that then would be diffused into the sediment compartment and further transported by the electroosmotic flow from the anode end toward the cathode to degrade PAEs and pharmaceuticals in the sediment if any; (2) an electric potential gradient of 1.5 V/cm would help the removal of PAEs and pharmaceuticals in the blank test, which no “novel oxidants” was added to the remediation system; (3) the use of electrode polarity reversal would enhance the removal of PAEs and pharmaceuticals in sediment near the cathode for the test having the addition of “novel oxidants” to the remediation system; (4) injection of equally divided dose of 10 mL “novel oxidants” into the anode reservoir and four injection ports on the top of sediment chamber would further enhance the removal efficiency; (5) an extension of treatment time from 14 days to 28 days is beneficial to the removal efficiency as expected; (6) an employment of electrokinetics would cure the problem of decreased pore water flow in the course of remediation due to the size of sediment particles decreased; and (7) the residual concentrations of target contaminants in the anode reservoir remained at ng/L level throughout the remediation period. It was also determined that “the novel in situ remediation technology” is economically feasible because of its low operating cost of no greater than 195.4 USD/ton. Thus, “the novel in situ remediation technology” is a viable technology for the removal of phthalate esters and pharmaceuticals from river sediments in large scale operation.

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