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年度	113	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立高雄科技大學	申請系所	環境與安全衛生工程系
專案主持人	陳勝一	職等/職稱	教授兼系主任
專案中文名稱	油品污染土壤超微氣泡清洗技術之現地模場試驗(第2年)
中文關鍵字	柴油、土壤、超微氣泡、清洗技術、現地模場、綠色科技
專案英文名稱	A pilot-plant study of ultra-fine bubbles washing technology for oil-contaminated soils(The second-year project)
英文關鍵字	Green technology, pilot-plant, soil washing; TPH, ultra-fine bubbles
執行金額
執行期間	2024/12/1 至 2025/11/29
計畫中文摘要	油品污染土壤長期存在於石化工業區、油槽場及加油站等場所，柴油等石油碳氫化合物常因滲漏或儲槽破損進入土壤，造成孔隙堵塞、地下水污染及生態風險。傳統整治技術如熱脫附、化學洗滌或界面活性劑清洗，雖可提升去除效率，但存在高能耗、高藥劑成本及二次污染等缺點。因此，本研究以綠色整治技術為核心，建置「超微氣泡清洗技術現地模場系統」，評估其於柴油污染土壤之去除效能與技術可行性，並針對不同操作模式及條件 (土壤進料方式、土壤質地、氣體種類、水力停留時間及氣固比) 進行系統化分析，作為未來實廠應用與技術優化之參考。同時，本年度研究計畫主要是根據第一年度獲得的油品污染土壤超微氣泡清洗技術現地模場試驗中的關鍵操作參數，進行效能驗證測試。本技術以本土開發之超微氣泡產生器為核心，氣泡粒徑主要小於1 μm，其中超過 85% 小於 100 nm，具高比表面積與長停留時間。本研究以南部某石化污染場址砂質及坋質土壤為試驗材料，現地污染柴油濃度最高逾 35000 mg/kg，清洗時間設定5〜60分鐘，並比較單槽與多槽串聯系統之效率差異。 研究結果顯示，若採單一槽土壤進料方式時，超微氣泡技術對砂土與坋土均具去除成效，其中砂土因孔隙較大，60 分鐘清洗後柴油去除率最高可達 80% 左右，坋土則約為 60-66%，證實土壤質地對整治效率具顯著影響。在氣體種類方面，氧氣超微氣泡於 60 分鐘後之柴油去除率最高，其次為臭氧與空氣，主要因氧氣氣泡粒徑較小且濃度較高；臭氧雖具氧化能力，但因現場臭氧產生量僅 8-10 g/hr，導致整體效能略低於氧氣。操作參數分析顯示，當水力停留時間由 17 分鐘延長至 25 分鐘時，在臭氧超微氣泡條件下，土壤中柴油去除率可由 63% 提升至75%；氣固比由 4080×10⁶ #/g提升至6120×10⁶ #/g時，土壤中柴油去除率自 66% 提升至約 73%。綜合而言，本研究證實超微氣泡清洗技術具低藥劑需求、設備可本土化製造、不產生大量二次污染及可於現地操作等優點，為符合淨零碳排、循環經濟及污染整治政策之新興技術。
計畫英文摘要	Petroleum-contaminated soils are commonly found in petrochemical industrial zones, fuel storage sites, and gas stations. Diesel and other petroleum hydrocarbons often infiltrate the soil through leakage or tank failures, resulting in pore clogging, groundwater pollution, and ecological risks. Conventional remediation technologies, such as thermal desorption, chemical washing, or surfactant-enhanced flushing, can enhance removal efficiency but are often associated with drawbacks including high energy consumption, high chemical cost, and secondary pollution. Therefore, this project adopts a green remediation approach by establishing an on-site pilot-scale “ultra-fine bubble (UFB) soil-washing system” to evaluate its total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal efficiency and technical feasibility. The effects of different operational modes and parameters, including soil feeding strategy, soil texture, gas type, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and gas-to-solid ratio, were systematically analyzed to provide references for full-scale implementation and process optimization. Meanwhile, this second-year project focused on validating the performance based on key operating parameters obtained from the previous year pilot tests. The core of this technology is a locally developed UFB generator capable of producing bubbles smaller than 1 μm, with more than 85% of the bubbles being below 100 nm. These bubbles exhibit a large specific surface area and extended residence time in water. Soil samples were collected from a petrochemical-contaminated site in southern Taiwan, where the maximum diesel concentration exceeded 35,000 mg/kg. The results indicate that under the single-tank feeding mode, the UFB washing technology effectively removed TPH from both sandy and silty soils. Owing to larger pore spaces, sandy soil achieved the highest removal efficiency, reaching up to approximately 80% after 60 minutes of washing, whereas silty soil exhibited a removal efficiency of about 60–66%, confirming that soil texture significantly influences remediation performance. Among the tested gases, oxygen-derived UFBs achieved the highest TPH removal efficiency after 60 minutes, followed by ozone and air. This is attributed to the smaller bubble size and higher bubble concentration of oxygen UFBs. Although ozone has stronger oxidative potential, its performance was limited due to the relatively low ozone generation capacity of 8–10 g/hr at the test site. Parameter optimization showed that increasng the HRT from 17 to 25 minutes increased TPH removal from 63% to 75% under ozone-UFB conditions. Similarly, increasing the gas-to-solid ratio from 4080×10⁶ to 6120×10⁶ bubbles/g soil improved the TPH removal efficiency from 66% to approximately 73%.