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年度	113	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	調查
申請機構	中原大學	申請系所	環境工程學系
專案主持人	江政傑	職等/職稱	副教授
專案中文名稱	農業土壤中微塑膠及有機磷阻燃劑污染流佈與環境宿命分析
中文關鍵字	微塑膠, 阻燃劑, 來源, 風險評估
專案英文名稱	Distribution and environmental fate of microplastics and organophosphorus flame retardants in agricultural soils
英文關鍵字	Microplastics, flame retardants, source, risk assessment
執行金額
執行期間	2024/12/1 至 2025/11/30
計畫中文摘要	本計畫針對台灣南北農業土壤之微塑膠（MPs）與有機磷阻燃劑／有機磷酸酯（OPFRs／OPEs）進行分布、來源與環境宿命之調查，並評估生態與健康風險，提出管理建議。 本團隊分別於北、南各採集20處農業土壤樣品，收集 0–10 cm 表土混合樣，以建立跨區域與不同土地使用型態的比較基準。 結果顯示，南部土壤微塑膠濃度為 2.8–44.36 items/g，平均 10.22 items/g；北部平均 13.88 items/g，且北部以網室最高（20.69 items/g）。 粒徑分布以 25–50 μm 為主，其次 51–100 μm，顯示小粒徑微塑膠在土層中佔優勢。 聚合物成分以 PP 與 HDPE 於南北兩地皆占顯著比重，反映農用覆蓋膜、織網與包裝材之潛在貢獻。OPEs 共量測 17 種化合物，整體 ΣOPEs 平均 13.01 ng/g；各樣點皆可檢出，主要成分為 TiPPP、TPhP 與 TBEP 等（分別約佔 26%、11%、10%），顯示建材／塑膠添加劑與農用材料可能為重要來源；北部整體濃度高於南部。風險評估結果顯示，多數 OPEs 生態風險商數（RQ）<0.01；惟北部 TEHP 達中度風險（0.1–1），TPhP 為低度風險。 健康風險方面，不論成人或兒童，非致癌危害指數（HI）介於 10⁻³–10⁻⁷，遠低於門檻值 1，整體處於可接受範圍。 就微塑膠本身之聚合物危害指數（H）而論，開放農地最高（南部 340.41；北部 298.41），顯示露天耕作較易累積高風險聚合物。綜合而言，台灣農業土壤普遍檢出微塑膠與 OPEs，北部總量高於南部，且不同土地使用型態差異明顯。建議優先：一、加強露天農地與疑似污染熱點之監測與盤查；二、鎖定 TiPPP、TPhP、TEHP 等高關注 OPEs 進行源頭減量與風險管理，作為後續標準研擬與政策設計之依據。
計畫英文摘要	This study investigates the distribution, sources, and environmental fate of microplastics (MPs) and organophosphate flame retardants/organophosphate esters (OPFRs/OPEs) in agricultural soils from northern and southern Taiwan. It also assesses associated ecological and human health risks and proposes management recommendations. The research team collected 20 agricultural soil samples from each of the northern and southern regions, comprising mixed topsoil from 0–10 cm depth, to establish comparative benchmarks across geographic areas and varying land use patterns. Results indicate that MP concentrations in southern soils ranged from 2.8 to 44.36 items/g, with a mean of 10.22 items/g; the northern mean was 13.88 items/g, with the highest levels observed in greenhouse soils (20.69 items/g). Particle size distribution was predominantly in the 25–50 μm range, followed by 51–100 μm, highlighting the prevalence of small-sized MPs in soil layers. Polymer compositions were notably dominated by polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in both regions, reflecting potential contributions from agricultural mulching films, netting, and packaging materials. A total of 17 OPE compounds were quantified, with an overall mean ΣOPEs concentration of 13.01 ng/g. OPEs were detected at all sampling sites, with major contributors including tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate (TiPPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) (accounting for approximately 26%, 11%, and 10%, respectively). These findings suggest that building materials/plastic additives and agricultural inputs may represent key sources; overall concentrations were higher in the north than in the south. Risk assessment revealed that most OPEs exhibited ecological risk quotients (RQs) <0.01; however, in northern samples, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) reached medium risk (0.1–1), while TPhP posed low risk. For human health risks, the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) ranged from 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁷ for both adults and children, well below the threshold of 1, indicating overall acceptable levels. Regarding the polymer hazard index (H) for MPs, open farmlands showed the highest values (340.41 in the south; 298.41 in the north), suggesting that exposed cultivation practices are more susceptible to accumulating high-risk polymers. In summary, MPs and OPEs are ubiquitously detected in Taiwan's agricultural soils, with higher total concentrations in the north than in the south and marked variations across land use types. Priority recommendations include: (1) enhancing monitoring and inventory efforts for open farmlands and suspected pollution hotspots; and (2) targeting high-priority OPEs such as TiPPP, TPhP, and TEHP for source reduction and risk management, to inform subsequent standard development and policy formulation.