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年度	112	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立高雄科技大學	申請系所	環境與安全衛生工程系
專案主持人	陳勝一	職等/職稱	教授兼系主任
專案中文名稱	油品污染土壤超微氣泡清洗技術之現地模場試驗
中文關鍵字	柴油、土壤、超微氣泡、清洗技術、現地模場、綠色科技
專案英文名稱	A pilot-plant study of ultra-fine bubbles washing technology for oil-contaminated soils
英文關鍵字	Green technology, pilot-plant, soil washing; TPH, ultra-fine bubbles
執行金額	2,917,000元
執行期間	2023/12/15 至 2024/11/29
計畫中文摘要	近年來由於油品洩漏或非法傾倒事件時有所聞，導致土壤及地下水之污染日益嚴重，此對於原本土地資源取得不易之台灣投資環境，無疑是雪上加霜，同時對於環境生態與人體健康之潛在風險亦逐漸升高。土壤一旦受到污染，常需要花費數年乃至於數十年之功夫才能整治完成，而且必須投入極高之整治經費。通常，油品土壤之物化整治技術或多或少都有其實際應用上之限制，不外乎是處理效率不佳、成本高或是不符合綠色科技概念；而生物處理技術則有反應時間長之缺點。本計畫擬選定南部某石化公司污染場址為研究試驗對象，該場址目前為公告整治場址，正持續進行整治工作中，而本計畫技術合作之企業亦有相關土壤清洗設備可供本模場試驗計畫使用。本計畫主要的試驗範圍原為該場址之油槽區，主要儲存種類為潤滑油、燃料油、原油、石油腦、燃料油、柴油、航空用油等。根據最近該區段之場址污染調查結果顯示，其污染物種類主要以石油碳氫化合物為最高，超過 35,000 mg/kg，污染深度最深至地下15公尺，其他污染物尚包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等。本計畫之研究目的首先將根據前一年度所求得之油品污染土壤超微氣泡清洗技術實驗室模型廠試驗的最佳化操作參數，進行土壤超微氣泡清洗技術之現地模場試驗及效能驗證，並於實際污染場址建立模場反應系統，開發串聯式土壤超微氣泡清洗程序，提高超微氣泡清洗技術於油品污染土壤整治之現地實用性；同時探討主要操作參數對於土壤超微氣泡清洗技術現地模場系統之影響，進一步優化油品污染土壤超微氣泡清洗技術，以作為未來此技術實際運用於污染土壤整治時之設計參考依據。 研究結果發現，超微氣泡產生器可以有效生成高比例、高濃度、且大小分布更為集中之奈米級氣泡 (<100 nm)。超微氣泡在水中有極高之穩定性，在衰退時間 24 小時後，超微氣泡粒徑大小雖有些微變大，但超微氣泡濃度僅微幅減少。經確認在超微氣泡爆裂過程中確實可明顯產生氫氧自由基，有利於土壤顆粒中油品污染物之分解及去除。在土壤超微氣泡清洗技術現地模場試驗中，當土壤處理量較高時，土壤中柴油去除效率會有增加之情形；而當柴油濃度增加時，土壤中柴油之去除效率則具有些微增加之趨勢。在土壤超微氣泡清洗技術現地試驗中坋壤土中柴油之去除效率明顯比砂土較低。在超微氣泡清洗技術現地模場反應系統中，不同清洗槽中土壤之柴油殘留濃度則會隨著清洗槽之順序而降低。在低柴油濃度時 (< 10,000 mg/kg)，經清洗試驗後，所有清洗槽中土壤之柴油殘留濃度皆可低於法規標準；在高柴油濃度 (> 10,000 mg/kg)，清洗後之土壤柴油殘留濃度仍然明顯超出法規標準。
計畫英文摘要	The soil pollution from oil spillage is a serious environmental problem, not only in the highly industrialized countries all over the world but also in Taiwan. A novel, green and environmentally-friendly technology is urgently required for the remediation of oil-contaminated soils in future. Due to the generation of shock wave and .OH radical at the moment of bursting of ultra-fine bubbles in water, the bubble bursting energy can be subsequently applied to remove the oil pollutants from contaminated soils. Therefore, the purposes of this project are to develop an innovative soil washing technology for oil-contaminated soils with ultra-fine bubbles, and to investigate the applicability and efficiency of this soil washing technology for contaminated soil remediation by ultra-fine bubbles. In this novel soil washing technology, the up-flow washing water containing ultra-fine bubbles is firstly introduced into the reactor from the bottom, expansion of soil particles occurs during soil washing. Then the oil pollutants attached to soil particles are separated by several forces such as particle collision and friction, fluid shear stress, and bubble collapse energy. Additionally, the detached oils are floated from the wastewater to water surface during the soil washing. Based on the experimental results, it was found that high percentage (> 90%) and high concentration of ultra-fine bubbles generated in this study belonged to the nanobubbles (<100 nm). The size of ultra-fine bubbles increased during the rising of ultra-fine bubbles. Although the concentration of ultra-fine bubbles decreased slightly after 24 h of decay time, the ultra-fine bubbles existed stably in the water. It was evident that hydroxyl radical indeed produced from the bursting of ultra-fine bubbles in the water. Therefore, it will be helpful for the removal of TPHd from contaminated soils in this ultra-fine bubbles washing technology. In the field pilot-plant test of soil washing technology using ultra-fine bubbles, the removal efficiency of TPHd was found to increase with increasing soil solids content and increasing TPHd concentration in soil. In addition, the removal efficiency TPHd in silty loam soil is significantly lower than in sandy soil. In the ultra-fine bubble washing reaction system, the residual concentration of TPHd in different washing tanks decreases sequentially with the order of the tanks. At the concentrations of TPHd lower than 10,000 mg/kg, after the field pilot-plant test, the residual concentration of TPHd in the soil from all washing tanks can be reduced to below regulatory standards. However, at concentrations of TPHd higher than 10,000 mg/kg, the residual concentration of TPHd in the soil after the treatment still exceeds the regulatory standards.