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年度	112	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立臺灣大學	申請系所	生物環境系統工程學系
專案主持人	潘述元	職等/職稱	副教授
專案中文名稱	開發生物質衍生炭水凝膠複合材料應用於土壤重金屬固定
中文關鍵字	資源化材料、重金屬、生物炭、韌性整治、動力學
專案英文名稱	Development of Biomass-Derived Biochar-Hydrogel Composite for Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Soil
英文關鍵字	biomass, biochar-hydrogel, composite, heavy metals, immobilization
執行金額	1,008,000元
執行期間	2023/12/15 至 2024/11/29
計畫中文摘要	本研究計畫執行期程為一年，開發「生物質衍生炭水凝膠複合材料」，利用生物炭之高穩定結構性質作為基質，搭配具有三維交聯結構之殼聚醣水凝膠材料，製作成一複合材料，進行土壤中重金屬固定或去除。本研究一方面透過此複合材料之高重金屬吸附容量，減低重金屬於土壤中移動之能力；另一方面，水凝膠作為土壤改良劑，可實現土壤營養鹽與水分保持之功能，減少農業非點源污染，並增加作物與土壤健康程度，兼顧循環生物經濟目標本計畫主要研究目標包括：（1）研析國際間跨域新興資源化材料（包括生物炭、水凝膠等）之進展，及其應用於土壤性質改善（例如重金屬固定）；（2）開發「生物質衍生炭水凝膠複合材料」，以我國生物質廢棄物（例如蝦殼）做為原料，建立本土生物質廢棄物資源化複合材料製備程序；（3）評估複合材料施用於受污染土壤重金屬吸附，建立複合材料之反應動力學與等溫吸附模型（針對土壤重金屬固定），研擬可行之資源化複合材料使用規範並鑑別材料關鍵物化性質與土壤重要功能之關聯性。 本計畫重要研究結果包括：（1）已完成開發從蝦殼提取殼聚醣經三步驟，包括去礦物質、去蛋白質、去乙醯基等；蝦殼粉燒製成生物炭後，重量剩約32.3%；（2）已完成研析生物炭水凝膠複合材料於單一種金屬離子溶液之吸附效率，結果顯示複合材料對銅、鉛及鉻之吸附容量分別為155.90、197.02及198.15 mg/g；於在混合離子溶液中，對銅、鉛及鉻之吸附容量分別為85.87、168.60及165.61 mg/g；（3）已完成施用複合材料於實際受污染土壤，結果顯示七天後達吸附平衡，以配比100:10 之去除效果最佳，對銅、鉛及鉻之去除效率分別約為30.0%、34.2%及27.6%；（4）已建立吸附動力學及等溫吸附模擬，結果顯示：複合材料吸附重金屬過程符合偽二階動力學模型，主要以化學吸附；根據等溫吸附模擬結果，銅、鉛及鉻吸附皆符合Freundlich模式，吸附強度為銅 > 鉻 > 鉛；（5）已測試其他鹽類離子對於吸附之干擾，結果顯示Na+、K+及Ca2+會略微降低複合材料吸附重金屬之去除效率；（6）已完成複合材料吸脫附實驗，結果顯示銅、鉛及鉻之脫附率分別為93.50~94.24%、90.46~92.16%、91.91~92.48%，而複合材料再使用三次後吸附容量僅略微下降；（7）已研擬利用生物炭水凝膠複合材料進行土壤重金屬固定和相關治理策略。
計畫英文摘要	This 1-yr research project plans to develop "biomass-derived bio-char-hydrogel composite materials" for immobilizing the heavy metals in soils towards a circular bioeconomy. The high stability of the biochar's structural properties is utilized as a substrate, combined with chitosan hydrogel material having a three-dimensional cross-linked structure to create a composite material for fixing or removing heavy metals from the soil. Through the high heavy metal adsorption capacity of this composite material, the ability of heavy metals to move in the soil is reduced. On the other hand, the hydrogel, serving as a soil conditioner, can achieve functions such as retaining soil nutrients and moisture, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, and increasing the health of crops and soil. The research objectives of this project are to (1) analyze the international progress of cross-disciplinary emerging resource materials (including biochar, hydrogel, etc.) and their applications in improving soil properties (e.g., heavy metal fixation); (2) develop biomass-derived biochar-hydrogel composite materials using domestic biomass waste (such as shrimp shells) as raw materials, establishing a local process for the preparation of resource-utilizing composite materials from biomass waste; (3) evaluate the application of composite materials in adsorbing heavy metals in contaminated soil while establishing reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm models for the composite materials (specifically for fixing soil heavy metals), as well as formulating feasible regulations for the use of resource-utilizing composite materials, and identifying the correlation between key physicochemical properties of materials and important soil functions. The key research results of this project include: (1) the development of a process to extract chitosan from shrimp shells has been completed in three steps: demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. After carbonization, the weight of the shrimp shell powder was reduced to approximately 32.3%. (2) The adsorption efficiency of biochar hydrogel composites in a single metal ion solution has been analyzed. The results show that the adsorption capacities for copper, lead, and chromium were 155.90, 197.02, and 198.15 mg/g, respectively. In a mixed ion solution, the adsorption capacities for copper, lead, and chromium were 85.87, 168.60, and 165.61 mg/g, respectively. (3) The application of the composite material to actual contaminated soil has been completed. After seven days, adsorption equilibrium was achieved, with a removal ratio of 100:10 yielding the best results. The removal efficiencies for copper, lead, and chromium were approximately 30.0%, 34.2%, and 27.6%, respectively. (4) Adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption models have been established, showing that the adsorption process of heavy metals on the composite material fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, mainly through chemical adsorption. According to the isothermal adsorption model, the adsorption of copper, lead, and chromium follows the Freundlich model, with adsorption intensities in the order of copper > chromium > lead. (5) The interference of other salt ions on the adsorption process has been tested. The results indicate that Na+, K+, and Ca2+ slightly reduce the removal efficiency of heavy metals by the composite material. (6) Adsorption-desorption experiments with the composite material have been completed, showing desorption rates for copper, lead, and chromium ranging from 93.50~94.24%, 90.46~92.16%, and 91.91~92.48%, respectively. After three reuse cycles, the adsorption capacity of the composite material showed only a slight decrease. (7) Strategies for soil heavy metal immobilization and remediation using biochar hydrogel composites have been proposed.