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年度	110	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	模場試驗	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立成功大學	申請系所	環境工程學系
專案主持人	王鴻博	職等/職稱	講座教授
專案中文名稱	以流體電容去離子法實地整治重金屬污染地下水之模場試驗與示範
中文關鍵字	流體電容去離子，重金屬污染地下水, 受污染地下水實地整治, 水回收再利用, 零污泥
專案英文名稱	Pilot-scale test and demonstration of on-site remediation of a heavy metal-contaminated groundwater by fluidized capacitive deionization
英文關鍵字	Contaminated groundwater, on-site remediation, fluidized capacitive deionization, water recycling and reuse, zero sludge.
執行金額	2,049,960元
執行期間	2021/3/1 至 2022/2/28
計畫中文摘要	綠色與永續整治(Green and sustainable remediation (GSR))是目前重要趨勢，可實現平衡社會、經濟、環境需求的聯合國永續發展目標(SDGs)。地下水整治通常耗時費工，其中抽水處理法(P&T)經常是整治策略之必要手段之一，尤其針對地下水受重金屬污染之場址，我們開發一種新穎流體電容去離子(FdCDI)技術，以流體電極擴增電雙層量，增加電吸附之效率，減少反應器體積，並且透過電吸附水中離子，可實現低導電度水回收再利用；被電吸附之離子可在飽和後，調整為零電壓或施加反電壓(例如：-1.2 V)以加速離子脫附，富集回收及濃縮水中重(毒性)金屬離子，再以電解法予以還原，而無中間與最終處置需求，尤其，整治過程，未添加任何化學藥劑，而無衍生污泥需再處理，屬GSR技術。本試驗場址為傳統金屬製品製造業之五金零件電鍍(鋅、鉻)廠區，公告超過地下水污染管制標準之污染物含陰陽離子：鎳、鋅、鉻、及氟鹽，為典型重金屬汙染場址。整治操作區狹小、受限，經現勘，本小型化(0.6 m (L)  0.6 m (W)  0.7 m (H))FdCDI模組設備可適確進行現地整治。本模場試驗專案重點工作包括：(1)污染場址地下水檢測、(2)自動化FdCDI模組設備之設計與組裝、(3) 模擬污染場址地下水之實驗室級FdCDI (含電解分離回收毒性金屬(鋅、鉻)測試、(4) FdCDI設備之現地整治工程可行性研究(含單元、連續及自動化操作與經濟效益評估)，測試結果顯示可有效分離污染場址地下水之管制物種(鋅、鉻、及氟鹽)，以符合管制標準，例如：鋅(200 mg/L)經5個串聯電極組(51片電極(0.18 m0.18 m)/組)分離去除可達285 g/d，若以受污染地下水700 T估算，採循環回注方式，使用1套可遠端操控自動化FdCDI (1.44 T/d)設備，則預估需時約491日((700 T1000L/T0.2 g/L)/(285 g/d))。此可遠端操控自動化FdCDI設備1套成本約800,000元(NTD)，操作成本含電費(約10,000元/年)、人力費(約340,000元/年)(50,000元/月13.5月0.5人)、耗材維修費 (40,000元/年(以設備成本之5%估計) 及雜費(10,000元/年)，共計約400,000元/年。目前，類似污染場址整治約需3年施作，費用至少5,000,000元，因此，本可遠端操控自動化FdCDI (1.44 T/d)設備運用於現地整治，預期工程可行。 本模場現地試驗結果確能提供一套低成本、低耗能、高效率、可自動化、不受地域限制、無衍生廢棄物、及可遠端操控之受重金屬污染之地下水整治技術、設備及其示範，以做為其他污染場址整治參考。 關鍵字：綠色與永續整治、流體電容去離子、重金屬污染、地下水整治、自動化
計畫英文摘要	Green and sustainable remediation (GSR) is becoming one of the most important trend for soil and groundwater remediation, especially in emerging contaminants remediation. Many countries are eagerly seeking new scientific knowledge and the policy to achieve the balance social, economic, and environmental needs of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Remediation of heavy-metal contaminated groundwater frequently suffers from the drawbacks of high cost and energy consumption, high risk of secondary pollution and long treatment period (possibly prolongs many years). A novel fluidized capacitive deionization (FdCDI) method using fluidized electrodes to amplify the electric double layer for enhancing electrosorption was, therefore, developed in our research laboratory. Under a low voltage (e.g., +1.2 V), heavy metal ions could be captured by electrosorption during FdCDI, and deionized water could be recycled and reused. Concentrated ions (in water) that could be reduced to metals for separation and recycling by the newly-developed solar-driven photoelectrocatalysis or electrolysis were obtained by removing the voltage (0 V) or applied a reversed voltage (-1.2 V) in the regeneration step. Since no chemical was used in the FdCDI process, no sludge was to be treated. The FdCDI process was practically and effectively applied in the treatments of at least six streams of industrial inorganic wastewater (e.g., electroplating wastewater). Note that the ion concentrations in the contaminated groundwater are usually much less than those in electroplating wastewater, which makes the FdCDI method better fit in groundwater remediation in a GSR way. Additionally, the experimental data of the FdCDI electrosorption efficiencies for many ions that were highly related with their ionic strength as well as charge density were obtained, which allowed us to be able to predict behaviors of target ions in a contaminated groundwater during FdCDI. The case study site that was a typical small electroplating company was contaminated by toxic ions such as nickel, zinc, chromium and fluoride (F-) in groundwater. The project goals include introduction the novel FdCDI method for in situ clean-up by P&T under the very limited operation space. The removal efficiencies (REs) of toxic ions (such as Zn2+ and F-) from simulated and real contaminated groundwater by a laboratory-scale FdCDI reactor using an electrode set (consisted of 51electrode sheets (the size of each AC coated SS sheet was 0.18 m (L)0.18 m (W)) under a constant voltage (1.2 V) or current (1.0 A) were studied to obtain scale-up engineering design parameters. Experimentally, the REs of toxic metals and fluoride by electrosorption were 10-15% for a one-pass through an electrode set. A fixed and operational cost of 400,000 NTD/year for the in situ remediation of the contaminated groundwater were estimated. Proceeding in this manner, the relatively low cost, low energy consumption, high efficiency, high automation, zero waste approach, and ready for remote-control FdCDI process was demonstrated for in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, which would also promote the GSR concepts.