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年度	109	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	整治
申請機構	國立宜蘭大學	申請系所	環境工程系(所)
專案主持人	劉鎮宗	職等/職稱	教授
專案中文名稱	以酒廠污泥製作透水性反應牆攔截飽和層管制重金屬、三氯酚、萘、柴油、硝酸鹽氮之效能評估
中文關鍵字	污泥, 透水性反應牆, 重金屬, 三氯酚, 萘, 柴油, 硝酸鹽氮
專案英文名稱	Assessment of permeable reactive barrier made of wine-processing waste sludge to prevent the diffusion of contaminant plumes of heavy metals, tricholophenol, naphthalene, diesel, N-nitrate
英文關鍵字	Sludge, Permeable reactive barrier, Heavy metals, Tricholophenol, Naphthalene, Diesel, N-nitrate
執行金額	710,000元
執行期間	2020/1/1 至 2020/11/30
計畫中文摘要	本計畫研究內容分成三大部份： (1) 攔阻Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As、Cr(VI)、NO3-、萘、2,4,5三氯酚之試驗；(2) 污泥對萘與2,4,5三氯酚之生物降解試驗；(3) 攔阻柴油擴散之試驗。反應牆可有效攔阻 Cu、Zn、Cr(VI)，牆後所有樣點的濃度皆在管制值以下，但對於As、Cd、Ni 之攔阻表現則不理想，牆後若干樣點的濃度在管制值之上，尤其以攔阻Ni的效果最差。但已削減 18～45% 的 As、84～93% 的 Cd 以及 16～77% 的 Ni。Ni因競爭吸附較弱，完全不被砂層吸附，以高濃度進入反應牆，增加其攔阻負荷。Pb因砂層強烈的吸附，反應牆前的Pb濃度過低，無法證實污泥反應牆對Pb的攔阻能力。攔阻效能與牆前砂層吸附重金屬的程度，以及污泥牆中競爭吸附的結果有關，各金屬在飽和層之分佈與移動趨勢，不一定與其密度有直接的關連。污泥本身也含有硝酸鹽，但大多於試驗起 24 小時內隨孔隙流釋出，待反應牆結構穩定後，它可持久阻擋濃度小於 20 ppm 的硝酸鹽污染團；此外，污泥中可被淋洗出的氨態氮含量約硝酸態氮的一半。污泥反應牆可完全攔阻柴油的擴散，牆後飽和層的TPHd 皆為ND。柴油層僅浮於水面，若飽和層水流緩慢時，柴油層可擴散至洩漏點上游，柴油層於不飽和層有5 cm以上的毛細上升，顯示水下的洩漏可污染至上方土壤。污泥反應牆可以完全攔截水中高濃度的萘和2,4,5-三氯酚污染團。本計畫共篩選出三種污泥原生菌種可降解萘，其菌落分別呈現橙色、白色、半透明，但牠們卻無法降解 2,4,5 三氯酚。污泥粒徑直接影響透水度和吸附重金屬的程度。
計畫英文摘要	This project contains three parts: (1) investigation of blocking of diesel diffusion; (2) investigation of blocking of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, AsO43-, HCrO4-, NO3-, naphthalene, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol diffusions; (3) biodegradation of naphthalene and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS). The permeable reactive barrier PRB prevented the diffusions of Cu2+, Zn2+, and HCrO4- effectively, their concentrations in pore water behind the barrier showing below the control standard levels. On the other hand, the PRB was failure in blocking the diffusions of Ni2+, Cd2+, and AsO43-, and their concentrations were sometimes higher than the control standard levels. However, 18% to 45% of As, 84% to 93% of Cd, and 16% to 77% of Ni were removed by the barrier. Ni ions were not adsorbed upon the fine sand layer due to its disadvantage in competitive adsorption, and therefore they infiltrate the barrier with a high concentration, increasing a loading for the block of barrier. The block of Pb was obscure due to too low concentration of Pb front the barrier. Block efficiency are relative to the adsorption degree of heavy metals in sand layer and the results in their competitive adsorption. The distribution and trend of movement of heavy metal is necessarily relative with their density. The sludge also contained nitrate, but most of them were released away by the pore current with 24 hr. The PRB was able to weaken nitrate plume diffusion when its concentration was less 20 ppm. The PRB block the gasoline diffusion absolutely. The TPHd of all samples behind the barrier were not found. All leaked diesel floated on water surface. If flow rate in aquifer is relatively small, the leaked diesel is able to form an oil layer and diffuse forward the upstream area. Moreover, the oil layer of diesel penetrated the vodase zone to form a 5-cm thickness of capillary fringe. This reveals leakage of diesel in aquifer contaminates the above soil eventually. Diesel in pore water was not detected behind the WPWS PRB during reaction. The WPWS PRB absolutely blocked the diffusions of naphthalene and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Three kinds of microbes have been found that they degraded the naphthalene for growth. Their colony showed orange, white, and translucent. However, they was not able to degrade 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Particle size of sludge affects the infiltration and adsorption of heavy metal directly.