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年度	104	專案性質	實驗性質
專案類別	研究專案	研究主題	底泥
申請機構	國立中山大學	申請系所	新興污染物研究中心
專案主持人	楊金鐘	職等/職稱	教授兼中心主任
專案中文名稱	前鎮河底泥中之環境荷爾蒙流布調查及現地加強式生物整治結合電動力法之研究
中文關鍵字	前鎮河、底泥、環境荷爾蒙、流布、加強式生物整治、電動力法、分子生物技術
專案英文名稱	Investigation on occurrence of environmental hormones in the Cianjhen River sediment and its treatment by in situ enhanced bioremediation coupled with electrokinetic process
英文關鍵字	Cianjhen River, Sediment, Environmental hormones, Occurrence, Enhanced bioremediation, Electrokinetic process, Molecular biotechnology
執行金額	1,150,000元
執行期間	2014/12/1 至 2015/11/30
計畫中文摘要	本研究計畫旨在調查前鎮河（含鳳山溪）底泥中之環境荷爾蒙 (包括：8種鄰苯二甲酸酯類、11種鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物、壬基酚及雙酚A) 之殘留濃度，並嘗試開發加強式生物整治程序結合電動力法 (簡稱 “現地加強式生物-電動力整治技術) 整治環境荷爾蒙污染底泥，期盼建立一本土化可行的現地整治技術。於前鎮河 (含鳳山溪) 底泥中鄰苯二甲酸酯類、鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物、壬基酚及雙酚A殘留濃度調查工作方面，已完成針對選定之5個採樣點位進行4梯次 (枯水期) 採集底泥樣品，綜合調查結果發現，於底泥中可檢出雙酚A、5種鄰苯二甲酸酯類及7種鄰苯二甲酸酯類代謝物化合物。其中，於紅毛港路橋處檢出mg/kg濃度 (ppm濃度) 等級之鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP) 殘留量，其最高濃度 (2,944 µg/kg) 為「底泥品質指標之分類管理及用途限制辦法」管理下限值之1.49倍。而屬於鳳山溪流域的各採樣點位之鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯 (DiNP) 殘留濃度有相近之趨勢 (甚至高於DEHP)。於現地加強式生物-電動力整治技術方面，電動力反應系統之底泥反應器所充填之底泥係採集自紅毛港路橋處，試驗期間則分別在陽極槽及底泥反應室中添加釋氧劑 (以營養鹽為基質之稀釋過氧化氫溶液)，並施加定電壓 (1.5 V/cm) 進行為期14日及28日期程之5組電動力試驗 (含1組對照組)。試驗結果顯示：(1) 單純施加電場 (1.5 V/cm) 結合現地微生物，有助於鄰苯二甲酸酯類之去除，因施加電場所產生之電滲透流可促使吸附於底泥之有機污染物釋出，提高污染物之生物可利用度；(2) 釋氧劑於底泥反應室注入不僅能減緩底泥pH值受電動力之酸鋒與鹼鋒之影響 (平均pH = 7.50)，並降低釋氧劑於傳輸過程中之損失，使其更直接被生物利用為生長碳源及氧氣來源，藉此提高降解標的污染物之效果；(3) 將釋氧劑注入於陽極槽液雖可藉由電動力傳輸供微生物利用，但於傳輸過程中之損失，將降低促進微生物生長之效果；(4) 由分子生物技術 (PCR-DGGE) 分析得知，添加釋氧劑及施加電場皆可促進現地微生物之生長，使菌相較為豐富；及 (5) 由定序結果發現，電動力輔助生物降解系統中，Flavobacterium sp.、Bacillus sp.、Pseudomonas sp.及Rhodococcus sp.為可降解鄰苯二甲酸酸酯類 (PAEs) 之菌株。此外，本研究專案之組合整治技術其操作成本粗估約為1,298元/噸，具經濟可行性。綜合上述結果顯示，本組合整治技術應是一種可行的整治技術。
計畫英文摘要	The objectives of this study are two-fold: (1) to investigate the residual concentrations of environmental hormones including eight phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 phthalate esters metabolites (PAEMs), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in sediment samples collected from the Cianjhen River; and (2) to develop an in situ enhanced bioremediation coupled with electrokinetic process (in short, “the in situ enhanced bio-EK remediation technology”) for the removal of environmental hormons of concern in sediments of the Cianjhen River. To meet the first objective, four batches of sediment have been sampled at five sampling sites along the Cianjhen River during the low water season. Total of BPA, five PAEs and seven PAEM were detected in the sediment samples. On the other hand, NP were below their method detection limits (i.e., < 100 ng/L). However, the level of parts per million (mg/kg) of residual di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected for sediment samples collected at Hungmaokang-Road Bridge. The relevant highest concentration (2,944 µg/kg) is 1.49 times greater than the lower management level of the “Regulations for Systematic Management of Quality Indices of Sediments and Their Use Restrictions” promulgated by Taiwan EPA. To meet the second objective, five tests (including one control test) with a remediation time of 14 d and 28 d, were carried out using the in situ enhanced bio-EK remediation technology under an electric potential gradinet of 1.5 V/cm for sediment samples collected at Hungmaokang-Road Bridge. During the test period, diluted hydrogen peroxide in the neutrient matrix was injected into the anode compartment and sediment compartment, respectively. Test results are given as follows: (1) enhanced removal of PAEs was obtained by simply coupling EK and intrinsic microbial because the electroosmotic flow would render the desorption of organic pollutants from sediment particles resulting in an increased bioavailability; (2) injection of oxidant into the sediment compartment not only would alleviate the pH variation due to acid front and base front (maintaining at neutral pH), but would be directly utilized as the carbon source and oxygen source for microbial growth resulting in an enhanced degradation of organic pollutants; (3) as compared with the case of injecting oxidant into the sediment compartment, injection of oxidant into the anode compartment would yield a lower degree of microbial growth due to a loss of oxidant during the transport by EK; (4) through the analysis of molecular biotechnology (specifically, PCR-DGGE) it was found that both addition of oxidant and application of external electric field would be beneficial to the growth of intrinsic microbial and abundance of microflora; (5) the sequencing result showed that PAEs could be degraded by the following four strains: Flavobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Rhodococcus sp. It was also determined that “in situ enhanced bio-EK remediation technology” is economically feasible because of its low operating cost of no greater than 40 USD/ton. Based on the preliminary test results obtained, the in situ enhanced bio-EK remediation technology appears to be promising.